ABSTRACT
The properties of fabrics are mainly affected by constituent fiber properties and yarn structures. The yarn structures are primarily dependent on the spinning technique. The twist multiplier is a leading factor influencing yarn structure which directly correlates with fabric stiffness and mechanical properties due to structural behavior. In this study, siro spun yarn has been prepared using different twist multipliers (3.6, 4, 4.4, and 5.0) by blending cotton and tencel fiber at the spinning stage to investigate the effect of twist multipliers on fabric stiffness and the flexural rigidity of woven fabrics. The 1/1 plain, 2/2 twill, and 8-end satin fabrics have been woven using prepared yarns in warp and weft directions. The fabric stiffness has been measured using the ASTM D1388-2018 method. The results reveal that fabric stiffness increased with the increasing twist multiplier. Furthermore, a comparative study on different weave structures shows significant differences in stiffness. Overall, the experimental results present a close relationship between twist multiplier, spinning triangle, float length, fabric stiffness, and rigidity, and also show the optimum twist level for cotton-tencel siro yarn to attain maximum stiffness and strength.
ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology has enabled tremendous breakthroughs in the development of materials and, nowadays, is well established in various economic fields. Among the various nanomaterials, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) occupy a special position, as they are distinguished by their high availability, high photocatalytic activity, and favorable price, which make them useful in the production of paints, plastics, paper, cosmetics, food, furniture, etc. In textiles, TiO2 NPs are widely used in chemical finishing processes to impart various protective functional properties to the fibers for the production of high-tech textile products with high added value. Such applications contribute to the overall consumption of TiO2 NPs, which gives rise to reasonable considerations about the impact of TiO2 NPs on human health and the environment, and debates regarding whether the extent of the benefits gained from the use of TiO2 NPs justifies the potential risks. In this study, different TiO2 NPs exposure modes are discussed, and their toxicity mechanisms-evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo studies-are briefly described, considering the molecular interactions with human health and the environment. In addition, in the conclusion of this study, the toxicity and biocompatibility of TiO2 NPs are discussed, along with relevant risk management strategies.
ABSTRACT
This study reveals potential accumulation of trace metals in the sea and groundwater due to ship breaking activities which take place along the Bay of Bengal in Sitakund Upazilla, Chittagong, Bangladesh. When compared with WHO and Bangladesh domestic standards for water quality, it is revealed that seawater was strongly polluted by Fe and Hg, moderately by Mn and Al, and slightly by Pb and Cd. Groundwater was strongly polluted by Fe, Pb and Hg, moderately by Mn and Al, and slightly by As. Trace element concentrations of all seawater samples exceeded the average concentration of elements in the Earth's seawater. The application of Principal Components Analysis identified two sources of pollution-marine and ship breaking. The mechanism of groundwater pollution inferred that if seawater is polluted, nearby groundwater is also polluted with trace metals due to the influence of seawater intrusion.
