ABSTRACT
The paper discusses different methodological approaches to the study of transgenerational alterations of metabolic pathways in soybean and flax seeds in the process of adaptation to chronic irradiation in the Chernobyl alienation zone. A combination of general biological methods and novel approaches, such as genomics, proteomics, cytogenetics, and mutagenesis, allows researchers to analyze an organism's systemic response and identify the latent chronic irradiation effects in plants from the Chernobyl zone. The proteomic approaches are especially efficient, since they range from the identification of changes in abundance and folding of individual proteins to the characterization of posttranslational modifications, trends of qualitative changes during seed maturation, or protein-protein interactions during plant growth and development under permanent impacts of stress factors. The application of proteomics opens new horizons in the understanding of the hidden mechanisms behind the impact of chronic low-dose radiation on living cells and makes it possible to visualize metabolic network alterations regardless of their transcriptional, translational, or epigenetic nature.
Subject(s)
Flax/radiation effects , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Glycine max/radiation effects , Plant Proteins/genetics , Seeds/radiation effects , Systems Biology/methods , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Environmental Monitoring , Flax/genetics , Flax/growth & development , Flax/metabolism , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/radiation effects , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Protein Folding , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Radiation Tolerance/genetics , Seeds/genetics , Seeds/growth & development , Seeds/metabolism , Glycine max/genetics , Glycine max/growth & development , Glycine max/metabolism , Stress, Physiological , UkraineABSTRACT
The average number of aberrations per aberrant cell was concluded to carry out information on chromosome instability peculiarities induced by different mutagens as it was shown in our previous work. The purpose of the current study was to present comparative analysis of intercellular distribution of number of aberrations and their theoretical approximations. Distribution of numbers of aberrations per cell in Allium cepa L. and Allium fistulosum L. root tip cells induced by different mutagenic factors (gamma-irradiation, thiotepa, formaldehyde and seed aging) have been studied. The results were approximated to theoretical Poisson, geometric and negative binomial distributions. The intercellular distribution of aberrations did not correspond to any of the used theoretical distributions when A. cepa seeds were gamma-irradiated. There was some, but not regular, accordance with theoretical distributions when chemical mutagens thiotepa in A. cepa and formaldehyde in A. fistulosum and seed aging in both species were evaluated. During seed aging frequency of aberrant cells increased more quickly in A. fistulosum in comparison with A. cepa.
Subject(s)
Allium/genetics , Chromosomal Instability/genetics , Chromosomes, Plant/genetics , Gamma Rays , Meristem/genetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Allium/drug effects , Allium/radiation effects , Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Meristem/drug effects , Meristem/radiation effects , Models, Genetic , Poisson DistributionABSTRACT
Analysis of chromosome instability (CI) is of great importance in view of pollution of the environment by genotoxic factors. Frequency of aberrant cells, spectrum of chromosome aberrations, damages of aberrant cell and distribution of aberrations in the cells are the most conventional parameters of CI. We have carried out the comparative analysis of the frequency of aberrant cells and the dynamics of aberrant cell damages induced by different mutagenic factors (alpha-irradiation from 241Am, gamma-irradiation from 60Co and tioTEPA) in Allium-test. This comparative analysis denotes that the studied parameters have different dynamics characterizing different mechanisms of CI in Allium cepa L.
