Maxillofacial infections in lithuanian hospitalised children and adolescents: a 17-years retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To analyse the epidemiology, treatment, and microbiological findings of hospitalised Lithuanian children and adolescents admitted due to maxillofacial infections over a 17-years period. METHODS: 428 medical records of paediatric (under the age of 18) patients hospitalised at Vilnius University Hospital from 2003 to 2019 due to a maxillofacial infection were reviewed. The data concerning patient sociodemographic characteristics, aspects related to a hospital stay, treatment modalities, microbiological findings, and sensitivity to antibiotics, were collected and analysed. RESULTS: The most prevalent condition was odontogenic maxillofacial space infection (28.7%), followed by lymphadenitis (21.7%). The mean (sd) age was 10.86 (4.8) years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.37:1. The majority of patients (83.4%) underwent surgical treatment. The mean (sd) hospital stay was 5.49 (2.9) days. The longest hospital stay was observed in the case of odontogenic maxillofacial space infections. A longer period of hospitalisation was generally associated with the presence of anaerobes and their resistance to antibiotics as well as multiple space involvement in deep neck space infections and a permanent causative tooth in odontogenic cases. The most commonly isolated microbiological species was Staphylococcus aureus spp. CONCLUSION: The most common origin of maxillofacial infection was odontogenic among investigated Lithuanian children and adolescents. In the majority of cases, a penicillin group antibiotic was prescribed. Streptococci were the predominant bacteria in the cases of odontogenic infection, while Staphylococci were the most prevalent among non-odontogenic cases. Nearly 40.0% of isolated microorganisms were resistant to penicillin. High resistance to metronidazole was identified among anaerobic bacteria.

Time trends and determinants of acute odontogenic maxillofacial infections in Lithuania: a retrospective national 2009-2013 treatment data audit.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the distribution of treatment facilities accepting patients with acute odontogenic maxillofacial infections (AOMIs), time trends in incidence and relate these infections with a number of determinants. METHODS: A national Lithuanian retrospective study gathered data on all patients treated in outpatient/inpatient treatment facilities. Adjusted Incidence Ratios (AIRs) of AOMIs were calculated separately for each type of infection and for each year. Administrative districts (ADs) were grouped into low, medium, and high thirds based on the regional determinants: socio-economic index (R-SEI), access to basic (R-BDCI) or specialized dental care (R-SDCI) and index of systemic diseases (R-ISD). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant geographical differences in the distribution of TFs providing care for patients with AOMIs. Numbers of treatment facilities consistently increased from 2009 to 2013, but there was no consistent increase/decrease in the incidence of AOMIs (-1%). Regions with the highest R-SEI tended to have a higher incidence of AOMIs as compared to regions with medium or low R-SEI. When controlled for other determinants, lower R-BDCI/R-SDCI scores were associated with a higher incidence of AOMIs. CONCLUSIONS: High annual incidences (-1% of a total population) were diagnosed and treated for AOMIs, but there was no consistent time trend for these infections.