ABSTRACT
A case of tricuspid flail leaflets in a patient with orthotopic heart transplant is reported. The use of echocardiography to document the complication and its relationship to endomyocardial biopsy is presented.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Endocardium/pathology , Heart Transplantation , Myocardium/pathology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Echocardiography , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, auto-immune disease which affect the central nervous system. The research seems to implicate a small or incomplete slow-growing virus as the causative agent. The measles virus has been suspected because of high titers of measles antibodies in MS patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid. An immunological deficiency in MS patients may be linked to genetic factors such as HL-A tissue types and histocompatibility antigens. Genetics and socioeconomic conditions may also result in the distinct geographical pattern of MS distribution in the world.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, Viral , Child , Humans , Measles/immunology , Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology , Multiple Sclerosis/genetics , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Eye care professionals can play an important role in the early detection of multiple sclerosis (MS) since the disease often has ocular manifestations such as optic neuritis. In conjunction with optic neuritis, symptoms such as ocular pain, acuity reduction, visual field loss, blurred or edematous discs, nystagmus, and diplopia may be present. Although MS still has no cure, early identification can aid in beginning the treatment of the symptoms.
