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Background: Death is unnatural and suspicious when it is caused by external causation like injury or poisoning or other than natural course. In such deaths of married females, the inquest is carried out, and a medico-legal autopsy is conducted to ascertain the cause of death and manner of death. Materials and Methods: This record-based, retrospective study was carried out at RVRS Medical College, Rajasthan in the year 2021 (1st January, 2021 to 31st December, 2021) to know the pattern of the suspicious death of married females brought for medico-legal autopsy. The inquest report, medico-legal autopsy report, histopathological examination report, and chemical analysis report findings were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The maximum number (31.62%) of female deaths belonged to the age group of 18-22 years of age. A total of 33.82% of females died during a marriage duration of less than 5 years of married life. A total of 22.79% of female deaths were related to dowry and 60.2% of females belonged to rural areas. A total of 59.56% of females were died due to poisoning and 75% of female deaths considered suicidal. Conclusion: Suspicious deaths of married women brought for medico-legal autopsy must be dealt with due to precaution to determine the cause and manner of death. One must be vigilant that the suspicious death of a married female may be associated with dowry in the Indian scenario.
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Introduction: Tumor blossoming may be a predictive indicator for a variety of cancers. At the invasive origin of the tumor, cells get detached from the original tumor mass. Aims & objectives: Studying breast cancer tumor budding, as well as its link to other prognostic indicators, such as clinicopathological features and hormone receptor status, will be the focus of this study. Materials & methods: Over six years, 110 cases of invasive breast cancer were examined. Ten high-power fields were used to analyze H&E-stained slices for tumor sprouting. It was determined that the tumor buds were divided into low and high grades. Tumor budding and other prognostic factors were compared using the chi-square test. It was considered significant if the p-value was less than or equal to 0.05. Results: There were 110 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, which accounts for more than half of the total cases (88.18%). A total of 144 tumors were present, of which 74 displayed strong budding and 36 displayed poor budding. A correlation between tumor budding and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor stage is statistically significant (P = 0.0099). Conclusion: Tumor budding in breast cancer is an easily visible in microscopy, novel prognostic indicator. A new prognostic element may be added to the reporting process.
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Background and objective Employing the POPBL (Patient-Oriented Problem-Based Learning) method to teach students offers a fresh take on the classroom experience. It helps to enhance the motivation of the students, improves knowledge, self-learning behavior, and clinical reasoning, and also helps to promote long-lasting memory. In our medical college, we adopted a newer technology-oriented method with the use of case history, laboratory findings, a gross specimen of the same case, microscopic live sessions via Deca and Penta head microscopes, television, and microscopic camera. In light of this, in this study, we aimed to develop a patient- and technology-oriented new Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method and compare its effectiveness with the traditional tutorial method. Materials and methods A total of 149 second-year MBBS students were enrolled in the study. Consent was taken from all students. A total of eight systems of systemic pathology from the second-year MBBS curriculum were selected. Of the eight systems, four were covered under POPBL with gross and microscopic features associated with the help of newer-generation audiovisual aids, and the other four systems were covered under the traditional tutorial/lecture method. The evaluation was performed using prevalidated objective types of questions after exposure of about one week. The objective was to evaluate and compare the outcomes and students' performance between these two sets of pathology systems. Results Students gave excellent responses. Performance (87.92% of students had scores >75%) and attendance (94.14%) parameters with respect to POPBL gross and microscopic features associated with the help of newer-generation audiovisual aids like Deca and Penta head microscopes were superior compared to the traditional tutorial/lecture method, where 53.02% of students scored more than 75% and the attendance was 76.12%. The difference in attendance was also statistically significant (p=0.05). Conclusion Using POPBL instead of standard tutorial/lecture methods leads to better outcomes. Students also found POPBL more appealing than standard lectures. It is a student-centered method that provides a significant level of motivation and encourages active participation among students. The efficacy of this new way of teaching and demonstrating will attract more students to this method.
ABSTRACT
Background: In India, inquest is carried out by police or magistrate depending upon the type of death and medico-legal autopsy is carried out by doctor. In some cases, inquest is sufficient to make out necessary information related to death and medico-legal autopsy can be avoided in such death, but medico-legal autopsy has its own value. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out at RVRS Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, regarding the correlation of inquest and medico-legal autopsy findings in community deaths which were brought dead to hospital in the year 2020. Results: A total of 467 cases of community deaths were brought dead for medico-legal autopsy in the year 2020. As per inquest, 7.28% died due to hanging, 3.85% died due to burns, 3.43% died due to electrocution, 16.27% died due to poisoning, and the same was established via medico-legal autopsy without any difference from inquest report. After inquest, in 3% of cases, the cause of death remained undetermined, while after the medico-legal autopsy, it was only 0.86%. The manner of death was undetermined in 3% of cases after inquest, while after the medico-legal autopsy, only in 0.86% of cases. Conclusion: We recommend proper training of the investigating officers who conduct inquest to overcome the discrepancies observed between the investigating officer and the doctor in ascertaining the cause of death and manner of death in all unnatural deaths in India. If well-trained person will conduct in depth inquest, then medico-legal autopsies can be avoided in certain types of death.
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UNLABELLED: Head and neck mass lesions are frequently found in clinical practice. A spectrum of pathological lesions ranging from simple benign lesion to highly malignant manifestation is observed. OBJECTIVES: To make clinicopathological correlation of head and neck lesions and to assess the frequency of incidences of different sites, age groups, sex, and distribution among inflammation and neoplastic lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2011 to April 2012. Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with details of relevant clinical findings and investigations. Patients aged between 1 and 70 years were included in the study. A total of 200 patients with the swellings of head and neck underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). RESULTS: Out of 200 fine-needle aspiration procedures, 52% were of thyroid, 28.50% were of lymph node, 11% from salivary gland, and 4% from soft tissue and miscellaneous swellings. There were 4.5% cases in which diagnosis was not possible. In inflammatory swelling (33%), tuberculous lymph node (42.12%) involvement is common than all other sites with male preponderance (55%). CONCLUSION: FNAC is a simple, quick, inexpensive, and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgeries. Thus, FNAC can be recommended as a first line of investigation in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings.
