ABSTRACT
Introduction: The orthodontic appliances have been known to accelerate enamel loss due to various reasons. Since there are few studies supporting the role of the nano-HAP in the mineralization of the demineralized tooth surfaces, the current study compared nano-HAP's capacity to remineralize the demineralized enamel layer surrounding braces at various concentration levels. Materials and Procedures: This investigation involved 60 healthy permanent premolars that had just been excised. All specimens had 3M-Unitek brackets glued to their buccal surfaces. The samples were artificially demineralized and divided into three groups. The control group, Toothpaste ApaCare, and ApaCareTM varnish. Before and after remineralization, selected samples from each group were analyzed using a "Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)" and evaluated using "Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX)." Spectrometer and profilometer were used for the study of surface and the color. Statistics were used to analyze the outcomes. The threshold for significance was fixed at 0.05. Results: After remineralization by nano-HAP, there was a significant rise (P < 0.001) in both calcium and phosphorus levels. This was picked up by EDAX, and SEM verified it. When compared to the control group, the nano-HAP application greatly improved the color measurements in the study groups (P < 0.001), and it also resulted in a significant decrease in surface roughness (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study's results showed that nano-HAP could be successful in restoring demineralized enamel around brackets, reducing the surface roughness and color of the enamel surface.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: India is home to many tribes which have an interesting and varied history of origins, customs and social practices. Oral health care in tribal areas is limited due to shortage of dental manpower, financial constraints and the lack of perceived need for dental care among tribal masses. OBJECTIVE: To assess orthodontic treatment need among tribal children of Indore division, Central India. METHODS: A cross-sectional house to house survey was carried out among 800 tribal children aged 5 to 15 years old in two major tribal districts of Indore division. Permissions and consent were obtained from local administrative authorities, ethical committee and parents respectively. A structured proforma was used to record demographic data. Examination for dentofacial anomalies was conducted according to WHO 1997 survey methods. Descriptive tables and analytical tests like ANOVA, post-hoc and chi-square test were employed. RESULTS: The mean age was 9.75(±2.43) years. The mean DAI score among 12 to 15 years old children was 23.19±5.22. Female exhibited higher (24.51±5.34) mean DAI score compared to males (22.12±4.87) (p<0.05). The Patelia tribes (24.38±5.13) reported higher mean DAI score than Bhilala (23.02±5.69) and Bhil tribe (22.73±4.79) (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The tribal children had minor malocclusion with no or slight treatment need. Categorization of orthodontic treatment need according to malocclusion severity is particularly important for the planning of corresponding public policies. The isolation of the villages, lack of transportation options imposes limitations on the availability of health professionals to provide dental services.