Analysis of enamel rod end pattern for personal identification.

BACKGROUND: Microscopically, groups of enamel rods run in unique direction, which differ from adjacent group of enamel rods and results in forming different patterns of enamel rod endings on tooth surface. These are called as tooth prints and they help in personal identification in forensic odontology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to analyze the enamel rod end pattern on the tooth surface for personal identification and to analyze the familial inheritance of enamel rod end pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 100 different families were considered for the analysis of tooth print pattern. In each family, four members were present. The maxillary central incisor, canine and first premolar were selected. Enamel rod end pattern was recorded using acetate peel technique and analyzed using Verifinger® standard SDK version 6.7 software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Contingency coefficient statistical analysis was used for the comparison of tooth print pattern in incisors, canines and premolars based on age and gender. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The present study showed that a tooth print is composed of combination of eight distinct subpatterns, namely wavy branched, wavy unbranched, linear branched, linear unbranched, whorl open, whorl closed, loop and stem-like pattern. Wavy branched pattern was found to be the most predominant pattern in incisors, canines and first premolars in our study. Familial tendency of tooth print pattern in incisors, canines and premolars was noticed in 65%, 66% and 52% of the families, respectively. CONCLUSION: Tooth prints are unique to an individual and can be used as a valuable inexpensive tool in forensic odontology for personal identification.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature / Xantogranuloma Juvenil: Informe de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura

SUMMARY: Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), is a benign histiocytic proliferation of uncertain histiogenesis which was first described by Adamson in 1905. It is a regressing disorder which occurs in children usually within first year of life. A child of ten months age reported to the Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research with a nodular swelling on the right side of the cheek and gave a history of swelling since the age of 5 months with gradual increase in size which was not associated with pain or itching. A provisional diagnosis of Haemangioma was made and excision biopsy of the lesion was done under general anaesthetia. Depending on the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings a diagnosis of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma was made. The excisional biopsy site healed uneventfully with minimal scar formation. JXG is a benign fibrohistiocytic lesion and a type of granulomatous process. Pathogenesis of the lesion is unknown. It is generally considered to be a reactive lesion. Most common presentation is as solitary cutaneous lesion. Children are affected at a median age of 2 years with a male female ratio of 1.5:1. Classic histopathologic findings include Nodular to diffuse collection of histiocytes with finely vacuolated foamy cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei, Touton giant cells which are the cells with a central wreath of nuclei and peripheral rim of eosinophilic to vacuolated cytoplasm loaded with fat and Inflammatory infiltrate such as lymphocytes and eosinophils. JXG has to be clinically differentiated from Xanthoma, Molluscum contagiosum, Haemangioma and Neurofibroma. Mostly a self-limiting disease which spontaneously resolves. Conservative management is the treatment of choice. Excision may be done due to esthetic and diagnostic reasons. Recurrence is uncommon. JXG is a disease predominantly of early childhood, benign and self-healing.

RESUMEN: El xantogranuloma juvenil (JXG) es una proliferación histiocítica benigna de histiogénesis incierta que fue descrita por primera vez por Adamson en 1905. Es un trastorno regresivo que ocurre en los niños generalmente durante el primer año de vida. Un niño de diez meses de edad consultó al Colegio de Ciencias e Investigación Dental Azeezia por la presencia de hinchazón nodular en el lado derecho de la mejilla y un historial de hinchazón desde la edad de 5 meses con un aumento gradual en el tamaño que no estaba asociado con dolor o comezón. Se realizó un diagnóstico provisional de hemangioma y se realizó una biopsia de escisión de la lesión con GA. A partir de los hallazgos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos, se realizó un diagnóstico de Xantogranuloma Juvenil. El sitio de la biopsia por escisión se curó sin incidentes con una formación de cicatriz mínima. JXG es una lesión fibrohistiocítica benigna y un tipo de proceso granulomatoso. La patogenia de la lesión es desconocida. Generalmente se considera que es una lesión reactiva. La presentación más común es como una lesión cutánea solitaria. Los niños se ven afectados a una edad media de 2 años con una proporción de hombres y mujeres de 1,5:1. Los hallazgos histopatológicos clásicos incluyen colección nodular a difusa de histiocitos con citoplasma espumoso finamente vacuolado y núcleos redondos a ovalados, células gigantes de Touton que son las células con una corona central de núcleos y margen periférico de citoplasma eosinófilo a vacuolado cargado con grasa e infiltrado inflamatorio como linfocitos y eosinófilos. JXG tiene que ser clínicamente diferenciado de Xanthoma, Molluscum contagiosum, Hemangioma y Neurofibroma. Es una enfermedad principalmente autolimitante que se resuelve espontáneamente. El tratamiento conservador es el tratamiento de elección. La escisión puede realizarse por razones estéticas y diagnósticas. La recurrencia es poco común. JXG es una enfermedad predominantemente de la primera infancia, benigna y autocurable.

Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in oral lichen planus.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the skin, mucous membrane, scalp and nails that frequently involves the oral mucosa. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. It has been suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of LP. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of oxidative parameters in the pathogenesis of oral LP, estimate the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and uric acid (UA) in saliva of oral LP patients and to compare the levels of SOD, MDA, GP and UA in oral LP patients with healthy controls. METHODOLOGY: In this cross-sectional study, 1.5 ml of fasting saliva sample was collected using passive drool method from the study group (30 patients diagnosed as having oral LP) and the control group (30 age-matched healthy volunteers). The unstimulated saliva was collected were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate and compare the values between groups. RESULTS: The mean values of SOD and MDA in saliva in the study group showed a significant increase in amount when compared with the control group whereas GPx showed a significant decrease in the study group. UA value showed an insignificant difference in the same comparison. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress markers as MDA and SOD are elevated, and GPx is decreased in the saliva of oral LP patients.

"Slide less pathology": Fairy tale or reality?

Pathology practice is significantly advanced in various frontiers. Therefore, "slide less digital" pathology will not be a mere imagination in near future. Digitalization of histopathological slides (whole slide imaging [WSI]) is possible with the help of whole slide scanner. The WSI has a positive impact not only in routine practice but also in research field, medical education and bioindustry. Even if digital pathology has definitive advantages, its widespread use is not yet possible. As it is an upcoming technology in our field, this article is aimed to discussessential aspects of WSI.

Imaging and image management: A survey on current outlook and awareness in pathology practice.

BACKGROUND: Flexibility of digital photography enables it to be an integral part of pathology practice. An assessment of guidelines of imaging is essential for proper usage of photographs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess awareness of oral pathologists about various aspects of medical photography. METHODS: Questionnaire based on the availability of facilities, usage, technical details and ethical issues of medical photography was sent to postgraduate students and teaching faculties of Oral Pathology in various localities in India. RESULTS: Photographs were taken mostly for the purposes of publication, medical documentation and education. Significant number of postgraduate students and faculties of Oral Pathology didn't receive any training or hadn't gone through any publications/books (P = 0.000) about medical photography. Consent for patient photography was taken by significant number of respondents (P = 0.000) but in a verbal form. Majority of people used image editing software, but 19.0% of faculties and 21.1% of postgraduate students were unaware of deleterious effect of image editing. Firm and sensible instructions concerning image storage, sharing and accessibility were not yet created. CONCLUSION: This survey drew attention towards lack of proper understanding about the technical details, medical protocols and ethical issues related to medical photography. These findings recommend implementation of basic training for medical photography and policy for image management for students and faculties in every health care institution.

Epidermoid Cysts of Head and Neck Region: Case Series and Review of Literature / Quistes Epidermoides de Región Cabeza y Cuello: Serie de Casos y Revisión de la Literatura

Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are hamartomas localized on the neck, head, or trunk, usually visible at birth. In some instances, careful medical examination may help to find most epidermoid and dermoid cysts. Ambiguity about their exact pathogenesis exists and dysontogenetic, traumatic, and thyroglossal anomaly theories have been postulated. Histopathologically epidermoid cysts have a cystic capsule lined with thin stratified epithelium. Surgical excision though completes the treatment, complications have been reported. We report three cases of epidermoid cyst on the maxillofacial region.

Los quistes epidermoides y dermoides son hamartomas localizados en el cuello, la cabeza o el tronco, por lo general visibles al nacer. En algunos casos, el examen médico cuidadoso puede ayudar a encontrar quistes epidermoides y dermoides. Existe cierta ambigüedad acerca de su patogenia exacta, postulando teorías disontogenéticas, traumáticas y anomalías del conducto tirogloso. Los quistes epidermoides histopatológicamente tienen una cápsula quística revestida con epitelio estratificado delgado. Aunque la escisión quirúrgica completa es su tratamiento, se han reportado complicaciones. Presentamos tres casos de quiste epidermoides en la región maxilofacial.