ABSTRACT
The zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO-NMs), owing to their broad biomedical applications have lately attracted the incredible interest in the development of therapeutic agents against microbial infections. In this contribution, we have biosynthesized ZnO-NMs with a size of Ë 40 nm from the Bougainvillea flower extracts. The FTIR and SEM-EDX mapping analysis confirmed the size, shape and biogenic origin of ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the purified ZnO-NMs were applied for antibacterial studies against susceptible and resistant bacterial strains and to elucidate the possible mechanism of their activity. The XTT assay and confocal imaging confirmed the ZnO-NMs materials anti-biofilm activities against medically important pathogens, i.e., S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, the absence of cytotoxicity against healthy kidney cells (HEK-293) and erythrocytes confirmed their biocompatible nature. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NMs showed potent anticancer activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). These biosynthesized ZnO-NMs are having excellent antimicrobial and anticancer activities and are highly biocompatible due to biogenic nature. During antimicrobial study, Zno-NMs showed excellent minimum inhibitory concentration 16 µg concentration againt E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. While in anticancer activity, of ZnO-NMs with 15 µg/ml dose showed good response against MCF-7 cell line. Further, this killing was mechanically confirmed by ROS generation by the ZnO-NMs, which cause cell lysis by the peroxidation of membrane lipid. So, this biogenic ZnO-NMs can be used in the future for nanomaterial-based drug development.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Flowers/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Nyctaginaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Zinc Oxide/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Biofilms/drug effects , Caspase 9/metabolism , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/metabolism , DNA/metabolism , DNA Damage , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/ultrastructure , HEK293 Cells , Hemolysis/drug effects , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , MCF-7 Cells , Nanostructures/ultrastructure , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
Curcumin (CUR), one of the major extracts of turmeric, has gained extensive attention owing to its extraordinary benefits as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-ulcerative, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent. However, a major barrier in its application lies in its inherent nature of low water solubility, instability, and short half-life. Different strategies have been adopted to overcome these barriers like preparing nano-sized formulations and exploiting stable and hydrophilic derivatives, and collaborative drug delivery. Nanopreparations could maintain the pharmacological effect of drugs, even the holistic effects of drug extracts. In addition, nanopreparations based on novel materials make it a reality to regulate the drug release rate according to the various environmental conditions. The therapeutic applications and novel investigated nanopreparations of CUR for prevention and treatment of various diseases, especially, cancer and inflammatory disorders are discussed in this review.
