ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tabernaemontana divaricata (TD) from the Apocynaceae family exhibits traditional therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase activity, etc. OBJECTIVE: To formulate and evaluate the wound healing potential of standardized ethanolic extract of TD leaves hydrogel on experimental models of wounds in Wistar rats with the design of experiment approach. METHODS: The prepared PVA-based hydrogel of TD extract was evaluated. In-vivo, wound healing activities using excision, incision, and burn wound models were performed concerning percent wound contraction, epithelialization period, tensile strength, and histological analysis. RESULTS: On the 20th day of the excision model, percentage wound contraction for 0.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml extract hydrogel was found to be 90.35 % ± 0.46 and 97.28 % ± 0.59, respectively, while on the 9th day of incision model, the tensile strength of both doses of hydrogel was found to be 191.16 ± 1.51 g and 201.00 ± 1.29 g, respectively, indicating that both concentrations of the hydrogel showed significant (P < 0.05) wound healing as compared to disease control and vehicle control group. The histopathological study of hydrogel showed no necrotic cells and a greater amount of collagen. Furthermore, in the burn wound model, both doses of TD hydrogel had significant wound-healing activity, as demonstrated by a reduction in the time needed for epithelialization and an increase in the rate of wound contraction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The proposed formulation showed potential for wound healing and may be studied further in clinical trials.
ABSTRACT
Flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds play a key role in wound healing cycle modulation. Propolis, a natural bee product, has been widely reported as an enriched source of polyphenols and flavonoids as important chemical constituents and for its wound healing potential. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a propolis-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel composition with wound healing potential. To understand the impacts of critical material attributes and process parameters, formulation development was carried out using a design of experiment approach. A preliminary phytochemical analysis of Indian propolis extract showed the presence of flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent of quercetin/g) and polyphenols (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g), both of which aid in wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. The pH, viscosity, and in vitro release of the hydrogel formulation were also studied. The burn wound healing model results revealed significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (93.58 + 0.15%) with rapid re-epithelialization relative to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (95.39 + 0.16%). The excision wound healing model confirms significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (91.45 + 0.29%) with accelerated re-epithelialization comparable to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (94.38 + 0.21%). The developed formulation offers promise for wound healing, which may be investigated further for clinical research.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ketoconazole is an imidazole ring containing antifungal agent used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. It acts by blocking the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to construct skin targeting ketoconazole nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) modified gel to minimize side effects and provide a controlled release. METHODS: The NLCs were prepared using emulsion sonication method and their optimized batches were characterized for X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. These batches were then incorporated into HA containing gel for convenient application. The final formulation was compared with the marketed formulation for studying its antifungal activity and drug diffusion. RESULTS: Ketoconazole NLCs loaded hyaluronic acid formulation was successfully developed with desirable formulation parameters by using 23 Factorial design. In vitro release study of developed formulation showed prolonged drug release (up to 5 hrs) while ex vivo drug diffusion study on human cadaver skin showed better drug diffusion as compared with marketed formulation. Moreover, the release study and diffusion study results reflected the improvement of antifungal activity of the developed formulation against Candida albicans. CONCLUSION: The work suggests that ketoconazole NLCs loaded HA modified gel provides prolonged release. The formulation also has good drug diffusion and antifungal activity and thus can act as a promising carrier for topical delivery of ketoconazole.
