Emerging therapies for dyslipidemia: known knowns and known unknowns of MTP inhibitors.

Last decade had witnessed enormous efforts to develop therapies to treat one or more components of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of diseases including diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Several newer targets are identified and evaluated to treat these metabolic disorders. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) has been identified as one of the promising target for the treatment of dyslipidemia. MTP plays crucial role in the assembly of triglyceride rich chylomicrones in enterocytes and VLDL in hepatocytes and several lines of evidence suggested that MTP inhibitors can be instrumental in combating familial hypercholesterolemia. Several first generation compounds are currently being evaluated in clinic and fatty liver is found to be the main adverse effect of these agents. Recently development of enterocyte specific inhibitor of MTP is emphasized in order to deal with fatty liver issue. In this review, we have dealt with important mechanistic aspects of MTP inhibition, patent scenario and clinical trial outcomes and some of the recent patents related to newly discover chemical scaffolds.

Revisiting glitazars: thiophene substituted oxazole containing α-ethoxy phenylpropanoic acid derivatives as highly potent PPARα/γ dual agonists devoid of adverse effects in rodents.

In an effort to develop safe and efficacious compounds for the treatment of metabolic disorders, novel thiophene substituted oxazole containing α-alkoxy-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives are designed as highly potent PPARα/γ dual agonists. These compounds were found to be efficacious at picomolar concentrations. Lead compound 18d has emerged as very potent PPARα/γ dual agonist demonstrating potent antidiabetic and lipid lowering activity at a very low dose and did not exhibit any significant signs of toxicity in rodents.

Design and synthesis of novel 3-hydroxy-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione derivatives as thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-beta) selective ligands.

Design and synthesis of a novel 3-hydroxy-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione derivatives are reported and their in vitro thyroid hormone receptor selectivity has been evaluated in the thyroid luciferase receptor assay. The 3-[3,5-dichloro-4-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenoxy)-phenylamino]-4-hydroxy-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione 21 has shown selectivity towards thyroid hormone receptor beta.

Diaryl dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamides with significant in vivo antiobesity activity related to CB1 receptor antagonism: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling in the homology model.

A number of analogues of diaryl dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamides have been synthesized. Their activities were evaluated for appetite suppression and body weight reduction in animal models. Depending on the chemical modification of the selected dihydropyrazole scaffold, the lead compounds--the bisulfate salt of (+/-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 26 and the bisulfate salt of (-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 30--showed significant body weight reduction in vivo, which is attributed to their CB1 antagonistic activity and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The molecular modeling studies also showed interactions of two isomers of (+/-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 9 with CB1 receptor in the homology model similar to those of N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazole-carboxamide (rimonabant) 1 and 4S-(-)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N'-[(4-chlorophenyl)-sulfonyl]-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine (SLV-319) 2.