Migration study of optical brighteners from polymer packing materials to jam squeeze and fruit drink by spectrofluorimetry and RP-HPLC methods.

Optical brighteners are commonly used to modify the appearance and to improve polymer properties of packaging. They are not chemically bound to polymers and able to migrate from packaging into the foods. These migrants are potentially harmful to human health. In concern with human safety an approach was made to analyze three optical brighteners such as diphenylbutadiene, Uvitex-OB, benzophenone in commercial fruit juice and jam. The migration level of these optical brighteners from low density poly ethylene packaging into fruit juice and jam was studied. Two optimized and validated analytical techniques such as spectrofluorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector used for migration study. Both methods have shown high correlation coefficients (>0.999), over a concentration range of 0.1-3.2 µg/mL, 0.1-1 µg/mL, 0.05-3.2 µg/mL for diphenylbutadiene, Uvitex-OB and benzophenone respectively. The preliminary studies confirm that the low density poly ethylene layer taken for study contained of diphenylbutadiene and the other two were absent. The migration level of diphenylbutadiene was studied at room temperature and different elevated temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C for up to 3 weeks. At room temperature no migration of diphenylbutadiene was observed where as at higher temperature migration could be observed. The maximum quantity of diphenylbutadiene migrated was found to be 0.0462 mg/kg from tetrapak, and 0.0382 mg/kg from jam squeeze after 3 weeks treatment at 60 °C. The migration of diphenylbutadiene was found to be less than allowable concentration during the study period.

Investigation of Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. in Type 1 Diabetic Rats: An Identification of Possible Biomarkers.

The present investigation was aimed to study the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and in vivo antioxidant properties of the root of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic rats. Administration of ethanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus root (EESIR) 100 and 200 mg/kg to the STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant (P < .01) reduction in blood glucose and increase in body weight compared to diabetic control rats. Both the doses of EESIR-treated diabetic rats showed significant (P < .01) alteration in elevated lipid profile levels than diabetic control rats. The EESIR treatment in diabetic rats produced significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than diabetic control rats. Administration of EESIR 200 mg/kg produced significant (P < .01) higher antioxidant activity than EESIR 100 mg/kg. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of EESIR revealed the presence of biomarkers gallic acid and quercetin. In conclusion, EESIR possess antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and in vivo antioxidant activity in type 1 diabetic rats. Its antioxidant and lipid lowering effect will help to prevent diabetic complications, and these actions are possibly due to presence of above biomarkers.

Microwave assisted synthesis and biological activity of novel coumarinyltriazolothiadiazoles.

A series of new 3-(4-methylcoumarinyl-7-oxymethyl)-6-substitutedphenyl-5,6-dihydro-s-triazolo (3,4-b)(1,3,4)-thiadiazoles 2(a-j) have been synthesized by reacting 5-(4-methyl coumarinyl-7-oxymethyl)-4-amino-3-mercapto(4H)-1,2,4-triazole with various aromatic aldehydes by microwave assisted organic synthesis. The structure of the compounds 2 (a-j) has been confirmed by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral data. All the compounds were screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Among the compounds tested, compounds 2d (4-dimethyl amino phenyl derivative) and 2h (3,4-dimethoxy phenyl derivative) showed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activity than rest of the compounds in the series.

Antioxidant and antibacterial studies of arylazopyrazoles and arylhydrazonopyrazolones containing coumarin moiety.

A series of novel 1-(4-methylcoumarinyl-7-oxyacetyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4(arylazo)pyrazoles and 1-(4-methylcoumarinyl-7-oxyacetyl)-3-methyl-4-(substituted phenyl) hydrazono-2-pyrazolin-5-ones were synthesised and evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Compounds 3b, 3g, 5b, 5d and 5g showed good antibacterial activity and compound 5e was found to be the most active antioxidant in the series, and thus represent a new class of promising lead compounds.

In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the fractions of Erythrina stricta Roxb.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To assay the in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the various fractions of the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of Erythrina stricta and to determine its enzyme inhibition mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was assayed spectrophotometrically under aerobic conditions and the degree of enzyme inhibition was determined by measuring the increase in absorbance at 295 nm associated with uric acid formation. Enzyme kinetics was carried out using Lineweaver-Burk plots using xanthine as the substrate. RESULTS: Among the fractions tested, the chloroform fraction exhibited highest potency (IC(50) 21.2+/-1.6 microg/ml) followed by the pet-ether (IC(50) 30.2+/-2.2 microg/ml), ethyl acetate (IC(50) 44.9+/-1.4 microg/ml) and residual (IC(50) 100+/-3.3 microg/ml) fractions. The IC(50) value of allopurinol used, as the standard was 6.1+/-0.3 microg/ml. Enzyme inhibition mechanism indicated that the mode of inhibition was of a mixed type. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of Erythrina stricta for the treatment of gout could be attributed to its xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.

Role of Surfactant and pH in Dissolution of Curcumin.

Curcumin is a phytoconstituent with wide range of biological activity. It is poorly soluble in water. In the present study a new dissolution medium was developed, as there is no validated dissolution method available in the literature. The composition of the dissolution medium was selected on the basis of solubility data at 37 degrees . Solubility data revealed that addition of surfactant may be suitable as a dissolution medium. The suitability of dissolution medium (0.5% sodium lauryl sulphate in water) relative to the other dissolution medium was evaluated. The selected dissolution media was used for the evaluation of curcumin tablets.

Ion Pair-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Quinapril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets.

A simple, precise and rapid HPLC method has been developed and validated for the estimation of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide simultaneously in combined dosage form. The mobile phase used was a mixture of 0.1% v/v triethylamine (pH 3.5), containing 1 mM of hexane sulphonic acid: acetonitrile (30:70% v/v). The detection of quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide was carried out on photo diode array detector at 220 nm. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The proposed method can be successfully used to determine the drug contents of marketed formulation.

Simultaneous HPTLC Determination of Rabeprazole and Itopride Hydrochloride From Their Combined Dosage Form.

A simple, precise, sensitive, rapid and reproducible HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of the rabeprazole and itopride hydrochloride in tablets was developed and validated. This method involves separation of the components by TLC on precoated silica gel G60F254 plate with solvent system of n-butanol, toluene and ammonia (8.5:0.5:1 v/v/v) and detection was carried out densitometrically using a UV detector at 288 nm in absorbance mode. This system was found to give compact spots for rabeprazole (Rf value of 0.23 0.02) and for itopride hydrochloride (Rf value of 0.75+/-0.02). Linearity was found to be in the range of 40-200 ng/spot and 300-1500 ng/spot for rabeprazole and itopride hydrochloride. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for rabeprazole were 10 and 20 ng/spot and for itopride hydrochloride were 50 and 100 ng/spot, respectively. The method was found to be beneficial for the routine analysis of combined dosage form.

Antiulcer and in vitro antioxidant activities of Jasminum grandiflorum L.

The study was aimed at evaluating the antiulcer and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanolic axtract of leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (JGLE). The leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family: Oleaceae) is used in folk medicine for treating ulcerative stomatitis, skin diseases, ulcers, wounds, corns - a hard or soft hyperkeratosis of the sole of the human foot secondary to friction and pressure (Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 28th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. p. 443), etc., Antiulcerogenic activity of JGLE (100 and 200 mg/kg, b.w., orally) was evaluated employing aspirin + pylorus ligation (APL) and alcohol (AL) induced acute gastric ulcer models and ulcer-healing activity using acetic acid-induced (AC) chronic ulcer model in rats. Both the antisecretory and cytoprotection hypothesis were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of JGLE has been assayed by using in vitro methods like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay, reductive ability, superoxide anion scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and total phenolic content, in order to explain the role of antioxidant principles in the antiulcerogenic activity of the extract. There was a significant (P<0.01) dose-dependent decrease in the ulcerative lesion index produced by all the three models in rats as compared to the standard drug famotidine (20 mg/kg, b.w. orally). The reduction in gastric fluid volume, total acidity and an increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in APL rats proved the antisecretory activity of JGLE. Additionally, JGLE completely healed the ulcer within 20 days of treatment in AC model as evidenced by histopathological studies. Like antiulcer activity, the free radical scavenging activities of JGLE depends on concentration and increased with increasing amount of the extract. These results suggest that leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum possess potential antiulcer activity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.

Simultaneous LC determination of tizanidine and rofecoxib in tablets.

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method to determine tizanidine (TZ) and rofecoxib (RF) in combination is proposed and applied to the pharmaceuticals. This method allows the determination of 0.1-0.5 microg/ml of TZ and 1.2-6.0 microg/ml of RF along with 10 microg/ml of nimesulide (internal standard), in a mobile phase consisting of 1% (v/v) triethylamine (pH adjusted to 2.5 using dilute orthophosphoric acid):acetonitrile in the ratio 55:45% (v/v). Detection wavelength of 303 nm and flow rate of 0.8 ml/min were fixed for the study. The limit of detection (LOD) for TZ and RF were found to be 10 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for TZ and RF were found to be 80 and 12 ng/ml, respectively. The amount of drug present in the tablet and the recovery studies were also carried out. The % R.S.D. of recovery studies for TZ and RF were found to be 0.0673 and 0.0146, respectively. The method is validated for accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.

Determination of repaglinide in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with UV detection.

A simple, precise and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of repaglinide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was carried out on a Shim-pack, RP-C18 column using a mixture of methanol: 0.1% v/v triethylamine (pH adjusted to 7 with orthophosphoric acid) and detection was done at 235 nm using nimesulide as internal standard. The linearity range was 0.1 to 0.5 microg/ml. The intra-day and inter-day precision were in the range of 0.48 to 1.01 and 0.15 to 1.15, respectively.

Simultaneous determination of aspirin and isosorbide 5-mononitrate in formulation by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography.

A simple, precise and rapid reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin (AS) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate (ISM) in combined formulation. The method was carried out on a Thermo Quest C18 column using a mixture of water:methanol (water pH adjusted to 3.4 using dilute orthophosphoric acid) and detection was carried out at 215 nm using chlorzoxazone as internal standard. Both the drugs showed linearity in the range of 2-10 microg/ml and limits of quantification was found to be 4 and 40 ng/ml for AS and ISM, respectively.