ABSTRACT
The use of orthodontic extrusion can be advantageous for creating a favorable periodontal and restorative environment while avoiding extensive bone and soft-tissue grafting. This approach is demonstrated in the case of a young woman who presented with discomfort and concerns over her maxillary central incisors. Additionally, the orthodontic treatment corrected occlusal dysfunction and slight crowding. Interdisciplinary, facially generated treatment planning was critical to the final esthetic result and the reduction of biomechanical, functional, and dentofacial risk factors.
Subject(s)
Esthetics, Dental , Orthodontic Extrusion/methods , Female , Humans , Young AdultABSTRACT
The field of periodontology has changed dramatically during the past 30 years. The goal of periodontal therapy is not only to establish and maintain the dentition and the periodontium free of any oral infections, but also to provide an environment with optimal function and esthetics. Esthetics has become an integral portion of the overall treatment goal in periodontics. This article discusses the role of periodontal plastic and reconstructive surgery in treatment planning the anterior esthetic zone in interdisciplinary dental care.
Subject(s)
Dental Restoration, Permanent , Esthetics, Dental , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontal Diseases/surgery , Alveolar Ridge Augmentation , Crown Lengthening , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Gingival Recession/surgery , Gingivectomy , Gingivoplasty , Humans , Incisor , Patient Care Planning , Patient Care TeamABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Duplex ultrasonography (DS) is a frequently used noninvasive method for assessing carotid artery stenosis. The level of agreement between panoramic radiographs (PMX) findings of radiopacities in the area of C3-C4 and DS results has not been established. AIMS: (1) to examine the level of agreement between DS results and PMX signs of carotid calcification and (2) to evaluate the association between periodontitis and DS results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-three subjects who had received a DS assessment at the University of Washington Medical Center within 36 months volunteered for a periodontal examination, including assessments of probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (PAL), evidence of bleeding on probing and bone loss from PMX. Two examiners independently analyzed the radiographs for evidence of carotid calcifications. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to bone level (BL) CEJ-BL was used to assess alveolar bone loss as a criteria for periodontitis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine subjects (34.9%) presented with positive DS readings. The Mantel-Haentszel common odds ratio estimate for a positive DS score and periodontitis (> 30% of teeth with distance CEJ-BL > or = 4.0 mm) was 38.4 (95% CI: 10.6-138.7, p < 0.0001). For nonsmokers only (n = 72) the odds ratio was 43.0 (95% CI: 16.7-1178.0, p < 0.0001). Evidence of bleeding on probing was 16% of sites both in the DS-positive and -negative subjects. Subjects with a positive DS result had significantly more teeth with clinical evidence of attachment loss > or = 5.0 mm (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of having periodontitis (CEJ-BL > or = 4.0 mm at > or = 30% of the teeth) and medical records confirmed diagnosis of either a stroke or an infarct or both was 7.8 (95% CI: 2.6-23.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with positive DS readings of the carotid arteries due to calcified arterial plaque are accurately detected by means of conventional PMX. The likelihood of being DS positive and having radiographic evidence of periodontitis is high. A dose-response relationship between the extent of carotid calcification and severity of periodontitis was demonstrated, supporting the hypothesis of an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases.
