A Case of Pulmonary Nodular Schistosomiasis.

Bilharzia is a parasitic infection particularly affecting the digestive tract and urinary tract. Lung involvement is rarely reported. We report a case of pulmonary bilharzioma of nodular type surrounded by ground glass opacities diagnosed on CT-scan and associated with a hepatic nodule, in a 41-year-old woman. The disappearance of the pulmonary nodule under antischistosomal treatment made it possible to make the diagnosis a posteriori without going through an invasive process.

Pneumonectomy in a child due to belated diagnosis of foreign body aspiration: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: With early diagnosis, fiberoptic or rigid bronchoscopy methods are the gold standard in the management of tracheobronchial foreign body. Otherwise, nonrecognized bronchial foreign bodies cause irreversible damage to the airways and lungs. The deficiency of the health system noted in many developing countries such as Madagascar, combined with the fundamental problem relating to children's conditions, which are determined by social and educational factors, makes it almost impossible to provide early and appropriate management of the penetration syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old Malagasy female patient was referred to our hospital for an investigation of the etiology of the patient's hemoptysis. The investigations revealed a localized bronchiectasis and atelectasis due to a foreign body obstructing the left main bronchus. Based on the hemoptysis and left lung almost destroyed by an occlusive lesion within, we decided to proceed with left pneumonectomy. A retrospective interrogation revealed a choking episode 4 years prior in elementary school after the child sucked on a pen cap and involuntarily aspirated it. Two years after the pneumonectomy, our patient was doing well and was asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: In this case report, we describe a rare case of a late presentation of foreign body aspiration that resulted in a left pneumonectomy in a child. Despite our favorable results, pneumonectomy must be the preferred last option. Preventive actions remain the optimal approach.

Difficultés et défis de la prise en charge de la hernie diaphragmatique congénitale à Madagascar

Objectifs. Le pronostic de la hernie diaphragmatique congénitale (HDC) est sévère, avec un taux de mortalité néonatale de 30 à 60%. Notre objectif était de décrire le profil clinique des patients porteurs d'une HDC et de discuter les résultats des modalités thérapeutiques en milieu défavorisé. Patients et méthodes. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive durant une période de 3 ans, allant de janvier 2008 à décembre 2011 au sein du CHU/JRA à Madagascar. Sept dossiers d'enfants porteurs d'une hernie diaphragmatique ont été colligés durant cette période dont cinq hernies de Bochdalek et deux hernies de Larrey-Morgagni. Les paramètres analysés étaient les données cliniques et radiologiques, les modalités thérapeutiques et l'évolution après traitement. Résultats. L'âge médian des sept enfants (cinq garçons et deux filles) était de 14,71 mois. Aucun diagnostic anténatal n'a été posé. Le diagnostic clinique a été suggéré par la présence d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire chez six enfants et de signes digestifs chez un patient. La radiographie thoraco-abdominale avec sonde nasogastrique en place a retrouvé des signes directs chez six enfants et indirects chez quatre enfants. L'opacification digestive et le scanner ont été utilisés chez deux enfants pour confirmer le diagnostic et faire un bilan anatomique précis. Il y avait cinq cas de hernie de Bochdalek et deux cas de hernie de Larrey-Morgagni. Une chirurgie conventionnelle a été effectuée chez cinq enfants. Quatre nouveau-nés sont décédés dont deux en préopératoire et deux autres en postopératoire dont un à cause d'une infection nosocomiale. Conclusion. La HDC est une malformation congénitale sévère, de prise en charge difficile. Le taux de mortalité en est élevé dont la moitié des cas en période postopératoire, justifiant la mise en place de protocoles thérapeutiques et l'organisation d'un suivi multidisciplinaire

First results of hormone receptors' status in Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy tumor amongst Malagasy women registered at the pathology unit of the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar". In Madagascar, there is no laboratory practicing hormone receptors' status on these tumors. Until now no study about hormone receptors' status of Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer was performed. So it will be the first study talking about this topic. The aim of this study was to determine hormone receptors' status in Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer. METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study was based on patients' medical files from 2009 to 2011. It included all invasive breast cancer diagnosed in Malagasy women at the pathology laboratory located at the "Institut Pasteur de Madagascar", in Antananarivo. Along this period this laboratory has sent paraffin blocks of invasive breast carcinoma in two pathological laboratories in France. RESULTS: We collected 77 cases of invasive breast cancer along this period. The mean age was 48.8 +/- 10.7, ranging from 26 years to 70 years. There were 46.8 % (n = 36) women with progesterone receptor positive (PR+), 53.2 % (n = 41) with progesterone receptor negative (PR-). For the estrogen receptor, 61.0 % (n = 47) were positive and 36.4 % (n = 28) were negative. ER+/PR+ represented 44.2 % (n = 34); ER-/PR- 33.8 % (n = 26); ER +/ PR- 16.8 % (n = 13); ER-/PR+ and ER-/PR- represented respectively 2.6 % (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Patients in our study had more important rate of ER-, PR- and a less important rate of ER+/PR+, PR+. These results suggest that more study related to Hormone Receptor profile should be conducted in Malagasy women with breast cancer.