Impacto da COVID-19 no rastreamento do câncer de mama no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) / Impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer screening in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)

Objetivos: investigar o impacto da pandemia no rastreamento do câncer de mama no Sistema Único de Saúde e comparar os dados obtidos com os de outros países. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal quantitativo, com dados provenientes do Sistema de Informação do Câncer ­ SISCAN sobre o número de mamografias feitas de 2014 a 2022 por mulheres, no Brasil. Resultados: os dados referentes à mamografia na população de risco elevado demonstraram uma queda de 38,39% de 2019 para 2020. Enquanto na mamografia de rastreamento a queda foi ligeiramente maior, de 39,18% nesse mesmo período. Em relação à mamografia diagnóstica, a redução foi de 33,15%, e na mamografia de população-alvo, o ápice foi em 2019 com 2.721.075. Em contrapartida, a realização de mamografia em pacientes já tratadas, teve uma menor queda, de 9,35%. Conclusões: observou-se uma queda significativa no número de mamografias realizadas em 2019 e 2020, o que poderá acarretar em diagnósticos tardios da doença e piores prognósticos (AU).

Objectives: investigating the impact of the pandemic on breast cancer screening in the Unified Health System, in addition to comparing the data obtained from other countries. Methods: a quantitative cross-sectional observational study was carried out, with references from the Cancer Information System - SISCAN on the number of mammograms performed from 2014 to 2022 by women in Brazil. Results: data regarding mammography in the high-risk population showed a drop of 38,39% from 2019 to 2020. While in screening mammography, the decline was slightly more significant, at 39.18% in the same period. Regarding diagnostic mammography, the reduction was 33.15%, and in target population mammography, the peak was in 2019 with 2.721.075. On the other hand, the performance of mammography in patients already treated had a smaller decrease of 9.35%. Conclusions: there was a significant reduction in the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020, which might lead to a late diagnosis of the disease and a worse prognosis (AU),

Dental caries spectrum profile in Brazilian public school children and adolescents.

Dental caries remains a major public health problem, with a higher prevalence among in adolescence. The present study aimed to assess the dental caries spectrum profile in children and adolescents in Brazilian public schools. A cross-sectional study was performed in two public schools in Brazil to examine the permanent teeth of children and adolescents. The dental caries were assessed by applying the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument, and the results were distributed as per disease status (healthy/codes 0-2; pre-morbidity/code 3; morbidity/code 4-5; severe morbidity/codes 6-7; mortality/code 8) and by severity as per the CAST-F1 formula (no severity, mild, moderate, and severe). The CAST data were described by age groups (8-9 y, 10-11 y, 12-13 y, 14-15 y, 16-17 y, and 18-19 y). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate differences in CAST prevalence and severity among the groups (p < 0.05). Total 598 students were enrolled. Most of the subjects were male (53.34%) and belonged to the age group of 12-13 y (34.95%). The variables CAST 0/1 (p = 0.024), CAST (p = 0.024), and CAST-F1 (p = 0.029) showed significant differences among age groups, and the post hoc test showed the differences in these variables as per the age groups of 14-15 y and 16-17 y (CAST 0/1, p = 0.047; CAST, p = 0.047; CAST-F1, p = 0.033). The dental caries spectrum increased from 8 to 19 y with a peak in the prevalence and severity in the middle of adolescence.

Dental caries spectrum profile in Brazilian public school children and adolescents

Abstract Dental caries remains a major public health problem, with a higher prevalence among in adolescence. The present study aimed to assess the dental caries spectrum profile in children and adolescents in Brazilian public schools. A cross-sectional study was performed in two public schools in Brazil to examine the permanent teeth of children and adolescents. The dental caries were assessed by applying the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument, and the results were distributed as per disease status (healthy/codes 0-2; pre-morbidity/code 3; morbidity/code 4-5; severe morbidity/codes 6-7; mortality/code 8) and by severity as per the CAST-F1 formula (no severity, mild, moderate, and severe). The CAST data were described by age groups (8-9 y, 10-11 y, 12-13 y, 14-15 y, 16-17 y, and 18-19 y). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate differences in CAST prevalence and severity among the groups (p < 0.05). Total 598 students were enrolled. Most of the subjects were male (53.34%) and belonged to the age group of 12-13 y (34.95%). The variables CAST 0/1 (p = 0.024), CAST (p = 0.024), and CAST-F1 (p = 0.029) showed significant differences among age groups, and the post hoc test showed the differences in these variables as per the age groups of 14-15 y and 16-17 y (CAST 0/1, p = 0.047; CAST, p = 0.047; CAST-F1, p = 0.033). The dental caries spectrum increased from 8 to 19 y with a peak in the prevalence and severity in the middle of adolescence.

Construction of an educational video on postoperative care for cheiloplasty and palatoplasty / Elaboración de un video educativo sobre los cuidados post-operatorio de las cirugías de queiloplastia y palatoplastia / Construção de um vídeo educativo sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios de queiloplastia e palatoplastia

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process for building up an educational video on the postoperative cares for primary cheiloplasty and palatoplasty surgeries. Method: a five-step technology elaborated development study (analysis and planning, modeling, implementation, evaluation and distribution) conducted in a public institution specialized in treating cleft lip and palate. Results: the evaluation was carried out by six judges regarding content criticism and criteria of familiarity, plausibility and linguistic clarity. Concordance percentage was 98%, which obtained approval and consent from most of the judges participating in the study. The feature adopted after the judges' analysis was qualified as a facilitator of the information needed to train caregivers' skills in the specific postoperative condition, and an additional in procedures related to basic health care in the hospital system. The video was completed with 11 minutes and 50 seconds. Conclusion: the educational video proved to be efficient in its constitution and applicability for preparing parents and other children caregivers who live with the need to learn about the postoperative care of cheiloplasty and palatoplasty surgeries.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso para elaborar un video educativo sobre los cuidados post-operatorio de las cirugías primarias de queiloplastia y palatoplastia. Método: estudio de desarrollo de tecnología elaborado en cinco etapas (análisis y planificación, modelado, evaluación y distribución), realizado en una institución pública especializada en el tratamiento de fisuras labiopalatinas. Resultados: la evaluación fue llevada a cabo por seis jueces en lo referente a la crítica del contenido y de los criterios de familiaridad, viabilidad y claridad lingüística. El porcentaje de concordancia fue del 98%, valor que obtuvo la aprobación y concordancia de la mayoría de los jueces que participó del estudio. El recurso adoptado después del análisis de los jueces se calificó como facilitador de las informaciones necesarias para capacitar a los cuidadores en cuanto a las habilidades de la condición post-operatoria específica, y es un adicional en los procedimientos relacionados con la atención básica de la salud en el sistema hospitalario. La duración final del video fue de 11 minutos con 50 segundos. Conclusión: el video educativo demostró ser eficiente en su constitución y aplicabilidad para preparar a padres y demás cuidadores de niños que necesitan interiorizarse sobre los cuidados posoperatorios de las cirugías de queiloplastia y palatoplastia.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de construção de um vídeo educativo sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios das cirurgias primárias de queiloplastia e palatoplastia. Método: estudo de desenvolvimento de tecnologia elaborado em cinco etapas (análise e planejamento, modelagem, implementação, avaliação e distribuição) e realizado em uma instituição pública especializada no tratamento de fissuras labiopalatinas. Resultados: a avaliação foi realizada por seis juízes, quanto à crítica de conteúdo e critérios de familiaridade, plausibilidade e clareza linguística. O percentual de concordância foi de 98%, o qual obteve aprovação e concordância da maioria dos juízes participantes do estudo. O recurso adotado após a análise dos juízes foi qualificado como facilitador das informações necessárias para o treino de habilidades de cuidadores na condição pós-operatória específica, e um adicional nos procedimentos relacionados à atenção básica de saúde no sistema hospitalar. O vídeo foi finalizado com 11 minutos e 50 segundos. Conclusão: o vídeo educativo mostrou-se eficiente na sua constituição e aplicabilidade para preparação de pais e demais cuidadores de crianças que vivenciam a necessidade de aprendizagem sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios de cirurgias de queiloplastia e palatoplastia.

Neutrophilic dermatoses: part II.

This article addresses neutrophilic dermatoses, thus complementing the previous article (part I). The following dermatoses are introduced and discussed: subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease), dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, continuous Hallopeau acrodermatitis, palmoplantar pustulosis, infantile acropustulosis, Andrews' pustular bacteride and eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. A brief review of neutrophilic dermatoses in pediatric patients is also conducted.

Dermatoses neutrofílicas: parte II / Neutrophilic dermatoses: part II

Neste artigo são abordadas as dermatoses neutrofílicas, complementando o artigo anterior (parte I). São apresentadas e comentadas as seguintes dermatoses: pustulose subcórnea de Sneddon-Wilkinson, dermatite crural pustulosa e atrófica, pustulose exantemática generalizada aguda, acroder matite contínua de Hallopeau, pustulose palmoplantar, acropustulose infantil, bacteride pustular de Andrews e foliculite pustulosa eosinofílica. Uma breve revisão das dermatoses neutrofílicas em pacientes pediátricos também é realizada.

This article addresses neutrophilic dermatoses, thus complementing the previous article (part I). The following dermatoses are introduced and discussed: subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease), dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, continuous Hallopeau acrodermatitis, palmoplantar pustulosis, infantile acropustulosis, Andrews' pustular bacteride and eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. A brief review of neutrophilic dermatoses in pediatric patients is also conducted.

Neutrophilic dermatoses: part I.

The authors present a review of neutrophilic dermatoses that have great impact on the health of patients: Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, Behçet's disease and neutrophilic urticaria. Major clinical aspects, histopathological changes and management options are discussed based on the results and conclusions of relevant studies recently published and on the authors' experience.

Dermatoses neutrofílicas: parte I / Neutrophilic dermatoses: part I

Os autores apresentam uma revisão das dermatoses neutrofílicas que possuem grande repercussão à saúde dos pacientes: síndrome de Sweet, pioderma gangrenoso, doença de Behçet e urticária neutrofílica. São discutidos, baseados nos resultados e conclusões de estudos relevantes publicados recentemente e na experiência dos autores, os principais aspectos clínicos, as importantes alterações histopatológicas e as opções para o manejo.

The authors present a review of neutrophilic dermatoses that have great impact on the health of patients: Sweet syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, Behçet's disease and neutrophilic urticaria. Major clinical aspects, histopathological changes and management options are discussed based on the results and conclusions of relevant studies recently published and on the authors' experience.

Identificação e manejo das Famacodermias graves / Identification and management of severe famacodermias

: Esta artigo tem o objetivo de abordar o tema farmacodemias graves. Apresentaremos inicialmente o assunto de forma geral e após, a caracterização das formas graves e seu manejo. Esse tema é de extrema importância na clinica médica, pela sua frequencia e pelo seu alto potencial de morbi-motalidade.

CA-MRSA em furunculose: relato de caso do sul do Brasil / CA MRSA in furunculosis: case report of Southern Brazil

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA), outrora isolado especificamente em ambientes hospitalares, vem sendo identificado como causador de infecções cutâneas em pacientes da comunidade. Neste artigo, é relatado um caso do sul do Brasil com furunculose por CA-MRSA. O microrganismo isolado foi submetido a exames de PCR para o gene mecA e para o gene que codifica a leucocidina de Panton-Valentine. Esses exames permitiram a identificação genotípica do CA-MRSA.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly isolated at hospital setting, has been identified in cutaneous infections of community patients. This paper reports a case of furunculosis from the southern Brazil. Dermatologists must be attentive to this emergent etiological diagnosis. The isolated microorganism was subjected to PCR for gene mecA and to PCR for the gene that encodes the leukocidin of Panton-Valentine. These exams enabled genotypic identification of CA-MRSA.

[CA MRSA in furunculosis: case report of southern Brazil]. / CA-MRSA em furunculose: relato de caso do sul do Brasil.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly isolated at hospital setting, has been identified in cutaneous infections of community patients. This paper reports a case of furunculosis from the southern Brazil. Dermatologists must be attentive to this emergent etiological diagnosis. The isolated microorganism was subjected to PCR for gene mecA and to PCR for the gene that encodes the leukocidin of Panton-Valentine. These exams enabled genotypic identification of CA-MRSA.

Factors associated with health-related quality-of-life in HIV-infected Brazilians.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV/(AIDS) infection has become a chronic disease. This change led to a growing interest in outcomes focusing on the individual, such as health-related quality-of-life (QoL), to assess the impact of treatments. Our study evaluated the impact of the use of antiretroviral drugs, factors related to the infection and socioeconomic factors on the HQoL of HIV-infected patients. A total of 367 patients answered the questionnaire based on the World Health Organization QoL for HIV brief version. According to the modified-Poisson regression approach, the use of antiretroviral drugs was associated with worse QoL in the domain of the level of independence (P = 0.016). Being unemployed was associated with a worse QoL (P < 0.05) in five out of six domains; the only exception was the domain of spirituality (P > 0.05). Among the factors assessed, the socioeconomic aspects were most significant in determining the HQoL of the patients studied.

Testes de contato e HIV: avaliação comparativa quanto à confiabilidade dos resultados / Patch tests and HIV: comparing reliability of results

FUNDAMENTOS: A ocorrência da dermatite de contato alérgica em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV foi pouco estudada até o momento (apenas relatos de caso). Os testes de contato são considerados o exame complementar padrão para a investigação diagnóstica desse tipo de reação alérgica e não foram avaliados cientificamente nesse grupo de pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade dos testes de contato em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com controles. Um grupo com 16 pacientes soropositivos para o HIV foi comparado a um grupo com 32 pacientes com sorologia desconhecida para o HIV com relação à positividade aos testes. Foi realizada análise estatística bivariada com nível de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Entre o grupo de pacientes soropositivos para o HIV, sete (43,75 por cento) tiveram testes positivos, e, entre o grupo de pacientes que rotineiramente realizaram testes de contato (e com sorologia desconhecida ao HIV), 18 (56,25 por cento) tiveram testes positivos. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados deste trabalho sugerem que, apesar da imunodeficiência, a memória imunológica específica e a capacidade de responder positivamente aos testes podem permanecer. Dessa forma, esse recurso diagnóstico importante para as alergias dermatológicas não perderia validade ao ser aplicado no conjunto de pacientes que convivem com o HIV.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis in HIV-positive patients has not been thoroughly studied (there are only case reports). Patch tests are the gold standard for diagnosis of this type of allergic reaction and have not been scientifically assessed in such patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of patch tests in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, controlled and descriptive study. A group of 16 HIV-positive patients was compared to a group of 32 patients with unknown HIV sorology results. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed with significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Seven patients (43.75 percent) in the HIV-positive group and 18 (56.25 percent) in the unknown sorology group had patch positive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of immunodeficiency, the findings of this study suggest that specific immunologic memory and the ability to positively respond to tests may remain active. Therefore, this standard and important diagnostic method for allergic contact dermatitis is valid when applied to a group of HIV patients.

Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: primeiros casos autóctones notificados no Rio Grande do Sul desde 2001 e revisão da literatura / American cutaneous leishmaniasis: the first autochthonous cases reported in Rio Grande do Sul since 2001 and review of the literature

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença infecciosa, não contagiosa, causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, que acomete pele e mucosas. O homem é infectado através da picada dos flebotomíneos e na maioria das vezes a doença apresenta-se como uma lesão ulcerada única. A confirmação do caso de LTA é realizada pelo diagnóstico clínico, epidemiológico e laboratorial. Relatamos três casos de LTA autóctones diagnosticados em 2002 e 2003 na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Evidenciamos a necessidade de atenção para a detecção de novos casos e o controle ambiental, já que segundo registros do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil, no período de 1997-1999, o Rio Grande do Sul não apresentou caso autóctone de LTA (AU)

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is an infectious, non-contagious disease caused by a genus Leishmania Protozoa, which affects the skin and the mucosae. Man is infected by bites of phlebotominea and the disease presents mostly as a single ulcerated lesion. The confirmation of the case of ACL is performed by clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnosis. We report three cases of autochthonous ACL diagnosed in 2002 and 2003 in the city of Porto Alegre. We show the need to watch out for new cases and to perform environmental control, since, according to the records of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, during the 1997-1999 period, Rio Grande do Sul did not present autochthonous cases of ACL (AU)