ABSTRACT
Based on the clinical, BMD, and TBS data of 2380 participants aged ≥ 60 which was gathered during the BEH program, stage II, we showed that MetS was positively associated with BMD, while a negative or no association was observed between MetS and TBS depending on the sex and the adjustment model. INTRODUCTION: The results of previous reports in regard to the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on bone health are not conclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MetS with bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) as an indicator of bone quantity and quality, respectively. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, this study was carried out based on the data collected during the BEH Program, stage II. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. BMD (at the lumbar spine and the hip) and lumbar spine TBS were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. RESULTS: The data of 2380 participants (women = 1228, men = 1152) aged ≥ 60 were analyzed. In the fully adjusted regression models (including BMI), significant associations between MetS and mean BMD were observed across all locations in men (P values ≤ 0.001) and in the lumbar spine in women (P value = 0.003). In addition, the prevalence of osteoporosis (based on BMD) was significantly lower in those with MetS than those without MetS in both sexes, even after full adjustments (women, OR = 0.707, P value = 0.013; men, OR = 0.563, P value = 0.001). In contrast, in age-adjusted regression analyses, the prevalence of degraded bone microarchitecture (TBS ≤ 1.2) was significantly increased in those with MetS than those without, irrespective of the participants' sex (P values < 0.05). The mean TBS was also negatively associated with MetS in women (ß = - 0.075, P value = 0.007) but not in men (ß = - 0.052, P value = 0.077), in age-adjusted regression models. However, after including BMI in the adjusted models, all significant associations between TBS values and MetS disappeared. CONCLUSION: It seems that a positive association exists between MetS and BMD, while MetS is either not associated or negatively correlated with bone quality as measured by TBS.
Subject(s)
Bone Density , Metabolic Syndrome , Absorptiometry, Photon , Aged , Cancellous Bone/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We investigated thyroid function in 46 (20 female & 26 male) psychiatric outpatients on lithium treatment by assessing triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The presence of thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) was also assessed. Out of the 46 patients, 8 (17%) displayed overt hypothyroidism. Of the remaining patients, subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 16 patients (35%) and euthyroidism in 22 (48%). Thyroid antibodies were present in 6 patients in the euthyroid group and 5 patients in the hypothyroid group. The Pearsor product-moment correlation results indicated positive association between TSH level and duration of lithium use and age of the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Duration of lithium use and age could be a reasonable indicator for screening asymptomatic patients for subclinical hypothyroidism after starting lithium treatment.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Antimanic Agents/adverse effects , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Lithium Carbonate/adverse effects , Age Distribution , Drug Monitoring , Female , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/blood , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Mass Screening , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Thyroid Function Tests , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Time Factors , Triiodothyronine/blood , Urban Health/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
We investigated thyroid function in 46 [20 female and 26 male] psychiatric outpatients on lithium treatment by assessing triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] levels. The presence of thyroid antibodies [anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin] was also assessed. Out of the 46 patients, 8 [17%] displayed overt hypothyroidism. Of the remaining patients, subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 16 patients [35%] and euthyroidism in 22 [48%]. Thyroid antibodies were present in 6 patients in the euthyroid group and 5 patients in the hypothyroid group. The Pearsor product-moment correlation results indicated positive association between TSH level and duration of lithium use and age of the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Duration of lithium use and age could be a reasonable indicator for screening asymptomatic patients for subclinical hypothyroidism after starting lithium treatment
