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1.
Scand J Immunol ; 83(3): 195-202, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26708831

ABSTRACT

Tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are centre in orchestrating the immune responses against cancer. The cellularity and lymphocyte subpopulations change in the process of cancer progression and lymph node involvement. B lymphocyte subsets and their function in breast cancer-draining lymph nodes have not been well elucidated. Here, we studied the influence of tumour metastasis on the frequencies of different B cell subsets including naïve and memory B cells as well as those which are known to be enriched in the regulatory pool in TDLNs of 30 patients with breast cancer. Lymphocytes were obtained from a fresh piece of each lymph node and stained for CD19 and other B cell-associated markers and subjected to flow cytometry. Our investigation revealed that metastatic TDLN showed a significant decrease in active, memory and class-switched B cells while the frequencies of B cells with regulatory phenotypes were not changed. However, CD27(hi) CD25(+) and CD1d(hi) CD5(+) B regulatory subsets significantly increased in non-metastatic lymph nodes (nMLNs) of node-positive patients compared with node-negative patients. Our data provided evidence that in breast cancer, metastasis of tumour to axillary lymph nodes altered B cell populations in favour of resting, inactive and unswitched phenotypes. We assume that the lymphatic involvement may cause an increase in a subset of regulatory B cells in non-metastatic lymph nodes.


Subject(s)
B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Carcinoma, Ductal/immunology , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Adult , Aged , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Female , Humans , Immune Tolerance , Immunoglobulin Class Switching , Immunologic Memory , Immunophenotyping , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Phenotype , Tumor Escape
2.
J Laryngol Otol ; 126(8): 770-4, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22691617

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells have been reported as a novel candidate for the repair of cartilage injuries in vivo. METHODS: In order to assess their differentiation ability, adipose-derived stem cells isolated from rabbit fat tissue were injected into the midportion of a surgically created rabbit ear auricle cartilage defect. After several months, the auricles were resected, histopathologically assessed and compared with a control group. RESULTS: Histopathological examination of auricles removed three, four and five months after injection showed islands of new cartilage formation at the site of the surgically induced defect. Six months after injection, we observed well-formed, mature cartilaginous plates that completely filled the defect in the native cartilage. In the control group, there was no significant growth of new cartilage. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest the great potential of adipose-derived stem cells to repair damaged cartilage tissue in vivo.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/cytology , Cell Differentiation , Ear Auricle/cytology , Ear Cartilage/cytology , Regeneration , Tissue Engineering/methods , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Ear Auricle/growth & development , Ear Auricle/injuries , Ear Cartilage/growth & development , Ear Cartilage/injuries , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Rabbits
3.
Neoplasma ; 56(1): 22-5, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19152241

ABSTRACT

Interleukin-18 [IL-18] gene promoter polymorphism is reported to be a genetic risk factor for several types of cancer. The aims of this investigation were to evaluate and compare the frequencies of IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -137 [G/C] and -607 [C/A] in breast cancer patients and healthy controls as well as to study the contribution of these data with clinicopathological parameters at diagnosis. The studied populations comprised 250 cases with breast carcinoma and 206 healthy subjects. IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -137 and -607 were amplified in patient and control groups using allele specific polymerase chain reaction [AS-PCR]. The frequencies of GG, GC and CC genotypes of -137 SNP were 141 [56.4%], 96 [38.4%] and 13 [5.2%] in patients vs. 110 [53.4%], 72 [34.9%] and 24 [11.7%] in controls, respectively. A significant decrease of the CC genotype was observed in patients [p = 0.04]. The frequency of the CC genotype at position -137 was also significantly higher in patients with metastasis than non-metastatic patients [21.4% vs. 4.3%] [p = 0.02]. There was no significant association between genotype frequencies at position -607 with breast cancer or its clinicopathological parameters at diagnosis. Moreover, allelic frequencies at these positions did not contribute to breast cancer incidence. The distribution of IL-18 gene haplotypes and genotype combinations were not significantly different between patients and normal control individuals. This is the first report investigating the contribution of IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms to breast cancer. These results suggest contrast effects of IL-18 gene in cancer induction and progression. Key words: Breast cancer, IL-18, polymorphism.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Interleukin-18/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Haplotypes , Humans , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
4.
Clin Exp Rheumatol ; 24(5 Suppl 42): S91-4, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17067435

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Behçet's disease (BD) is a recurrent multi-system inflammatory disorder caused by the combinations of multiple genetic and environmental factors. CCR5 is a Th1-dominant chemokine receptor whose levels are increased in patients with active BD. It is believed that a 32 bp deletion in the CCR5 gene reduces the expression of this receptor on the cell surface. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of CCR5 delta32 allele with BD in Iranian patients. METHODS: The study included 100 patients with BD and 380 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used for analysis of CCR5 delta32 allele. RESULTS: The frequency of CCR5 delta32 allele was not statistically different between 100 patients with BD and 380 healthy individuals. However, categorizing patients according to gender revealed a significant difference in distribution of the CCR5 delta32 allele in female patients compared with female control individuals (p = 0.047, fisher's exact test, OR = 2.66). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the CCR5 delta32 allele may be a genetic risk factor for BD in Iranian women. These results warrant further investigation to clarify the underlying mechanism of CCR5 deficiency in the initiation of BD.


Subject(s)
Behcet Syndrome/genetics , Mutation , Receptors, CCR5/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Behcet Syndrome/ethnology , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Iran , Male , Middle Aged , Open Reading Frames/genetics , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
5.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 165(2): 114-20, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16527605

ABSTRACT

CTLA4 is a coinhibitory molecule expressed mainly on activated T lymphocytes. To test the putative involvement of CTLA-4 in inhibitory state of immunity to breast cancer, we genotyped 283 patients and 245 healthy control subjects for -1722 T/C, -1661 A/G, and -318 C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the CTLA4 gene. There were no significant differences in genotype, allele, or haplotype frequencies in all three loci between patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the incidence of the most frequent haplotype combination (TAC/TAC, T -1722, A -1661, C -318) was only slightly higher among healthy controls than patients (68.4 vs. 64.8%, P = 0.2). This haplotype combination was associated with lower stages of the disease (P = 0.0007), however, and higher estrogen receptor (ER) expression in patients (P = 0.006). Association with tumor prognostic or predictive factors was also observed with certain genotypes: the -1661 AA genotype was associated with lesser lymph node (LN) involvement (P = 0.017) and higher ER expression (P = 0.004), and the -318 CC genotype with lesser LN involvement (P = 0.007). These results suggest that CTLA4 promoter variants participate in the progression of breast cancer rather than in its initial development.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Differentiation/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alleles , Antigens, CD , Breast Neoplasms/immunology , CTLA-4 Antigen , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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