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1.
Rev Neurol ; 73(8): 282-295, 2021 Oct 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34617582

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with phenotypic heterogeneity and variable symptomatic course of partly unknown etiology. The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in autism leads to investigate the role that intestinal microbiota may have as a causal factor and to propose specific therapeutic interventions. The role of microbiota in brain development and function, demonstrated in animal models, justifies its investigation in this neuropsychiatric disorder. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between altered microbiota composition and autism spectrum disorder, and to assess the therapeutic role of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal transplantation in this neurodevelopmental disorder. DEVELOPMENT: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to select relevant articles related to the topic that were published between January 2012 and April 2020. Thirty-five relevant articles were selected. In 23 of them, significant differences were found in the composition and diversity of the microbiota in children with ASD, as well as in the biomolecules involved in certain metabolic pathways. The other 12 investigations reported gastrointestinal and behavioral improvements after therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSIONS: It is reasonable to state that there is enough evidence to support the existence of a relationship between intestinal microbiota and autism spectrum disorders. This fact should be explored in depth to assess the etiopathogenic burden of dysbiosis and the possible therapeutic tools.


TITLE: Implicación de la disbiosis intestinal en la etiopatogenia y el tratamiento del trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión bibliográfica.Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo con heterogeneidad fenotípica y curso sintomático variable de etiología parcialmente desconocida. La prevalencia de trastornos gastrointestinales en este perfil de pacientes invita a investigar el papel que la microbiota intestinal puede tener como factor causal y a plantear intervenciones terapéuticas específicas. El papel de la microbiota en el desarrollo y la función cerebral, demostrado en modelos animales, justifica su investigación en este trastorno neuropsiquiátrico. Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre la alteración en la composición de la microbiota y el trastorno del espectro autista, y evaluar el papel terapéutico de prebióticos, probióticos y trasplante fecal en este trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Desarrollo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar con el fin de seleccionar los artículos relevantes relacionados con el tema que se publicaron entre enero de 2012 y abril de 2020. Se seleccionaron 35 artículos relevantes. En 23 de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas en la composición y la diversidad de la microbiota en niños con TEA, así como en biomoléculas involucradas en determinadas rutas metabólicas. Las otras 12 investigaciones describieron mejorías gastrointestinales y comportamentales tras la intervención terapéutica. Conclusiones. Resulta razonable afirmar que existe evidencia suficiente para apoyar la existencia de una relación entre la microbiota intestinal y los trastornos del espectro autista. Esta vinculación ha de ser explorada en profundidad para perfilar el peso etiopatogénico de la disbiosis y las posibles herramientas terapéuticas.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy , Dysbiosis/complications , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Humans
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(8): 282-295, Oct 16, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-229589

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo con heterogeneidad fenotípica y curso sintomático variable de etiología parcialmente desconocida. La prevalencia de trastornos gastrointestinales en este perfil de pacientes invita a investigar el papel que la microbiota intestinal puede tener como factor causal y a plantear intervenciones terapéuticas específicas. El papel de la microbiota en el desarrollo y la función cerebral, demostrado en modelos animales, justifica su investigación en este trastorno neuropsiquiátrico. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre la alteración en la composición de la microbiota y el trastorno del espectro autista, y evaluar el papel terapéutico de prebióticos, probióticos y trasplante fecal en este trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Desarrollo: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar con el fin de seleccionar los artículos relevantes relacionados con el tema que se publicaron entre enero de 2012 y abril de 2020. Se seleccionaron 35 artículos relevantes. En 23 de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas en la composición y la diversidad de la microbiota en niños con TEA, así como en biomoléculas involucradas en determinadas rutas metabólicas. Las otras 12 investigaciones describieron mejorías gastrointestinales y comportamentales tras la intervención terapéutica. Conclusiones:Resulta razonable afirmar que existe evidencia suficiente para apoyar la existencia de una relación entre la microbiota intestinal y los trastornos del espectro autista. Esta vinculación ha de ser explorada en profundidad para perfilar el peso etiopatogénico de la disbiosis y las posibles herramientas terapéuticas.(AU)


Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with phenotypic heterogeneity and variable symptomatic course of partly unknown etiology. The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in autism leads to investigate the role that intestinal microbiota may have as a causal factor and to propose specific therapeutic interventions. The role of microbiota in brain development and function, demonstrated in animal models, justifies its investigation in this neuropsychiatric disorder. Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationship between altered microbiota composition and autism spectrum disorder, and to assess the therapeutic role of prebiotics, probiotics and fecal transplantation in this neurodevelopmental disorder. Development: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to select relevant articles related to the topic that were published between January 2012 and April 2020. Thirty-five relevant articles were selected. In 23 of them, significant differences were found in the composition and diversity of the microbiota in children with ASD, as well as in the biomolecules involved in certain metabolic pathways. The other 12 investigations reported gastrointestinal and behavioral improvements after therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: It is reasonable to state that there is enough evidence to support the existence of a relationship between intestinal microbiota and autism spectrum disorders. This fact should be explored in depth to assess the etiopathogenic burden of dysbiosis and the possible therapeutic tools.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/genetics , Prebiotics/microbiology , Probiotics , Neurology , Nervous System Diseases , Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
3.
Rev. psiquiatr. infanto-juv ; 37(1): 34-41, ene.-mar. 2020.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-193563

ABSTRACT

Ante un cambio radical en el comportamiento en un varón de 17 años, a las 12 horas de administrar, en el mismo día, las vacunas contra el Meningococo C, Hepatitis B, Triple Vírica y Varicela, y la detección de un cuadro maníaco a la semana, se sospechó que se tratase de un cuadro de encefalitis post-vacunal. A pesar de la ausencia de hallazgos patológicos en las exploraciones complementarias realizadas, y aunque en la literatura científica no se haya demostrado una asociación temporal a día de hoy, no podemos aceptar ni descartar con certeza la sospecha diagnóstica dado que no contamos con la serología infecciosa o un estudio de anticuerpos en líquido cefalorraquídeo. Los efectos secundarios graves tras vacunaciones no han quedado claramente demostrados, lo que sí está ampliamente demostrado es que la inmunidad adquirida es uno de los mayores logros de la medicina que ha ayudado a erradicar enfermedades potencialmente mortales


A radical behavioral change was observed in a 17-year-old male 12 hours after having received vaccines for Meningococcus C, Hepatitis B, Triple Viral and Varicella on the same day. Moreover a manic episode was detected one week later. It was suspected that this was a case of post-vaccinal encephalitis. In spite of the absence of pathological findings in the complementary explorations carried out and although a temporal association has not been demonstrated to date in the scientific literature, we can not be certain of this diagnostic suspicion since we do not have the infectious serology or a study of antibodies in central spinal fluid. Serious side effects after vaccinations have never been clearly demonstrated, while it has been widely demonstrated that the acquired immunity from these vaccines is one of the greatest achievements of medicine, and this has helped to eradicate life-threatening diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Bipolar Disorder/chemically induced , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Viral Vaccines/adverse effects , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/immunology , Hepatitis B/immunology , Chickenpox Vaccine/adverse effects , Psychopathology/methods
4.
Clin Psychol Psychother ; 25(1): 173-180, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28924984

ABSTRACT

The Body Investment Scale (BIS) assesses body image feelings, body care, protection of the body, and comfort in touch, in order to identify and distinguish participants with self-harming and self-destructive tendencies. However, the psychometric properties of the BIS were not analysed in participants diagnosed with eating disorders. The main objective of the present study is to confirm the factor structure of the Spanish version of the BIS and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample composed of women diagnosed with eating disorders. Participants were 250 Spanish women between 12 and 60 years old (M = 26.05, SD = 11.97) diagnosed with eating disorders. A confirmatory factor analysis showed a poor fit of the original BIS. The final model showed an acceptable 4-factor structure (Body Feelings, α = .88; Body Touch, α = .82; Body Protection, α = .77; Body Care, α = .68), with a good fit to the data (SBχ2(246)  = 393.21, CFI = .906, IFI = .908, RMSEA = .049). The relationships between the BIS and both the Purpose-In-Life Test-10 Items and Beck Hopelessness Scale were analysed, as well as differences in the BIS score according to nonsuicidal self-injuries and suicidal ideation in the past year. The BIS is an appropriate instrument to assess the body investment dimension of body image in women with eating disorders.


Subject(s)
Body Image/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/complications , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Self-Injurious Behavior/complications , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , Young Adult
5.
Rev. psiquiatr. infanto-juv ; 33(4): 469-474, 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185819

ABSTRACT

La quinta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales, en su Sección III, presenta un modelo alternativo para el diagnóstico de los Trastornos de la Personalidad que intenta eliminar algunos de los problemas que aparecen con el modelo oficial presentado en la sección II del manual. Es de considerable interés la posibilidad que ofrece este modelo, cuyos ejes son el funcionamiento de la personalidad y los rasgos de la personalidad, de poder caracterizar con precisión a un paciente que cumple criterios de varios trastornos de la personalidad o no cumple criterios de uno concreto. También se contempla la posibilidad de utilizarlo como herramienta para la valoración de la funcionalidad de un paciente y el diseño de un plan terapéutico en función de su personalidad. En este artículo se presenta a una paciente con alteraciones del comportamiento, se caracteriza su personalidad según este modelo y se observa su evolución


The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, presents in its Section III an alternative model for diagnosing Personality Disorders, which tries to amend some of the problems of the official model, included in Section II. Is it of remarkable interest the possibility that this model, whose main axes are the personality functioning and the personality traits, brings us of being able to characterize with precision a patient that meets criteria of more than one personality disorders or does not fully meet criteria for a single one. The possibility of using it as a tool to evaluate the functioning of a patient and designing a specific treatment plan according to his or her personality is also contemplated. In this article is present a patient whose behaviour is altered, her personality is characterised according to this model and he evolution is observed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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