Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, microplastics and biofilms in Alqueva surface water at touristic spots.

Freshwater pollution is a huge concern. A study aiming to evaluate physico-chemical characteristics, microbiota, occurrence of two groups of persistent environmental pollutants with similar chemical properties (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons- PAHs and microplastics - MPs) in Alqueva's surface water was performed during 2021. Water samples were collected at three spots related to touristic activities (two beaches and one marina) during the Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn seasons. In addition, the presence of biofilms on plastic and natural materials (stone, wood/ vegetal materials) were assessed and compared. Water quality based on physicochemical parameters was acceptable with a low eutrophication level. PAHs concentration levels were lower than the standard limits established for surface waters by international organizations. However, carcinogenic compounds were detected in two sampling locations, which can pose a problem for aquatic ecosystems. PAHs profiles showed significant differences when comparing the dry seasons with the rainy seasons, with a higher number of different compounds detected in Spring. Low molecular weigh compounds, usually associated with the atmospheric deposition and petroleum contamination, were more prevalent. MPs were detected in all samples except one during the Winter season. The polymers detected were poly(methyl-2-methylpropenoate), polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, styrene butadiene, polyvinyl chloride and low /high density polyethylene with the last being the most frequent. Biofilms were more often detected on plastics than on natural materials. In addition, biofilms detected on plastics were more complex with higher microbial diversity (e.g., bacteria, fungi/yeast and phytoplancton organisms) and richer in extrapolymeric material. Based on morphological analysis a good agreement between microbiota and microorganism present in the biofilms was found. Among microbiota were identified microorganisms previously linked to plastic and PAHs detoxification suggesting the need for further studies to evaluate the viability of using biofilms as part of a green bioremediation strategy to mitigate water pollution.

Retrospective multicenter study of 230 6-mm SLA-surfaced implants with 1- to 6-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: Using short implants poses a challenge in implant surgery. Implant surfaces have evolved, making it possible to improve the success of short implants substantially. However, there is still little information about the long-term predictability achieved with short, rough-surfaced implants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival rate of 6-mm rough implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter analysis of the survival of short 6-mm SLA-surfaced implants was conducted. A total of 230 implants placed in 159 patients were included. The follow-up time ranged between 1 and 6 years. RESULTS: Seven of the 230 implants failed, which gives a cumulative survival rate of 96.4%. Two hundred and fourteen implants were placed in the mandible (93.1%), as opposed to 16 placed in the maxilla (6.9%). Five implants failed during the osseointegration period, and two failed after receiving the prosthetic load. No statistically significant differences were found (P < .44). Of the loaded implants, 209 were splinted to other implants, as opposed to 14 that were not. One implant failed in each group, resulting in a 99.5% for the splinted implants and 92.9% for the unsplinted implants. No statistically significant differences were found between the splinted and unsplinted groups (P < .12). CONCLUSIONS: The short implants used in this study displayed high longterm predictability when placed in the mandible and splinted. There is insufficient- information to extrapolate these results to the maxilla and non-splinted implants.

Procedimento e complicações anestésicas no manejo de lavagem pulmonar total em paciente obeso com proteinose alveolar pulmonar: relato de caso / Anaesthetic, procedure and complications management of serial whole lung lavage in an obese patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: case report / Procedimiento y complicaciones anestésicas en el manejo del lavado pulmonar total en paciente obeso con proteinosis alveolar pulmonar: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O primeiro caso de proteinose alveolar pulmonar (PAP) foi descrito por Rose em 1958, mas ainda é um distúrbio raro. PAP é caracterizada pela deposição de material lipoproteico secundário ao processamento anormal de surfactantes pelos macrófagos. Os pacientes podem ter dispneia progressiva e tosse, às vezes acompanhadas pelo agravamento da hipóxia, e seu curso pode variar de deterioração progressiva a melhora espontânea. Muitas terapias foram usadas, incluindo antibióticos, drenagem postural e ventilação com pressão positiva intermitente com acetilcisteína, heparina e soro fisiológico em aerossol. Atualmente, a base do tratamento é a lavagem pulmonar total (LPT). A LPT, embora seja geralmente bem-tolerada, pode estar associada a algumas complicações. RELATO DE CASO: Relatamos um caso de PAP grave durante o procedimento anestésico e as complicações no manejo da proteinose alveolar pulmonar em um paciente que havia sido submetido a múltiplas e alternadas lavagens de um dos pulmões ao longo de sete anos (os últimos três em nosso hospital), com melhora dos sintomas depois de cada tratamento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The first case of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) was described by Rose in 1958, but it is still a rare disorder. PAP is characterized by deposition of lipoproteinaceous material secondary to abnormal processing of surfactant by macrophages. Patients may suffer from progressive dyspnea and cough that at times is accompanied by worsening hypoxia and its course can vary from progressive deterioration to spontaneous improvement. Many therapies have been used to treat PAP including antibiotics, postural drainage, and intermittent positive pressure breathing with aerosolized Acetylcysteine, heparin and saline. At present, the mainstay of treatment is whole lung lavage (WLL). Although generally well tolerated, WLL can be associated with some complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of severe PAP through the anaesthetic, procedure and complications management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in one patient who has undergone multiple, alternating, single-lung lavages over the past seven years, the last three in our hospital, with improvements in her symptoms following each therapy.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El primer caso de proteinosis alveolar pulmonar (PAP) fue descrito por Rose en 1958, pero todavía continúa siendo un trastorno raro. La PAP se caracteriza por la deposición de material lipoproteico secundario al procesamiento anormal de surfactantes por los macrófagos. Los pacientes pueden tener disnea progresiva y tos, a veces seguidas de un agravamiento de la hipoxia, y su curso puede variar de deterioración progresiva a una mejoría espontánea. A lo largo de los años, muchas terapias han sido usadas para tratar la PAP, incluyendo antibióticos, drenaje postural y ventilación con presión positiva intermitente con acetilcisteína, heparina y suero fisiológico en aerosol. Hoy por hoy, la base del tratamiento es el lavado pulmonar total (LPT), descrito por primera vez por Ramirez-Rivera y col. Existen tres variantes de la enfermedad: congénita, secundaria y adquirida. Las recientes investigaciones sugieren que en la forma más común (PAP adquirida [idiopática]), la autoinmunidad contra el factor estimulador de las colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos (FEC-GM) pulmonares desempeña un importante papel. El factor recombinante que estimula las colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos parece beneficiarse con un subconjunto de pacientes adultos con PAP y puede representar una alternativa en el tratamiento de la enfermedad, pero la tasa de éxito todavía no es suficiente para substituir la LPT. La LPT, aunque sea generalmente bien tolerada, puede estar asociada con algunas complicaciones. RELATO DE CASO: Relatamos un caso de PAP grave durante el procedimiento anestésico y las complicaciones en el manejo de la proteinosis alveolar pulmonar en un paciente que había sido sometido a múltiples y alternados lavados de uno de los pulmones a lo largo de siete años (los últimos tres en nuestro hospital), con una mejoría de los síntomas después de cada tratamiento.

Anaesthetic, procedure and complications management of serial whole-lung lavage in an obese patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The first case of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) was described by Rose in 1958, but it is still a rare disorder. PAP is characterized by deposition of lipoproteinaceous material secondary to abnormal processing of surfactant by macrophages. Patients may suffer from progressive dyspnea and cough that at times is accompanied by worsening hypoxia and its course can vary from progressive deterioration to spontaneous improvement. Many therapies have been used to treat PAP including antibiotics, postural drainage, and intermittent positive pressure breathing with aerosolized Acetylcysteine, heparin and saline. At present, the mainstay of treatment is whole lung lavage (WLL). Although generally well tolerated, WLL can be associated with some complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of severe PAP through the anaesthetic, procedure and complications management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in one patient who has undergone multiple, alternating, single-lung lavages over the past seven years, the last three in our hospital, with improvements in her symptoms following each therapy.

Analgesia regional em cuidados intensivos / Regional analgesia in intensive care / Analgesia regional en cuidados intensivos

JUSTIFICATIVAS E OBJETIVOS: A analgesia regional desempenha um papel importante na abordagem multimodal da dor no doente crítico e permite amenizar o desconforto do doente e reduzir os estresses fisiológico e psicológico associados. Ao diminuir as doses de opioides sistêmicos, reduz alguns dos seus efeitos colaterais, como a síndrome de abstinência, possíveis alterações psicológicas e disfunção gastrintestinal. Apesar desses benefícios, seu uso é controverso, uma vez que os doentes em unidades de cuidados intensivos apresentam frequentemente contraindicações, como coagulopatia, instabilidade hemodinâmica e dificuldade na avaliação neurológica e na execução da técnica regional. CONTEÚDO: Os autores apresentam uma revisão sobre analgesia regional em cuidados intensivos, com foco nas principais vantagens e limitações de seu uso no doente crítico, e descrevem as técnicas regionais mais usadas e a sua aplicabilidade nesse contexto.

JUSTIFICATIONS AND OBJECTIVES: regional analgesia plays an important role in multimodal pain management in critically ill patients, minimizing patient discomfort and reducing the associated physiological and psychological stress. Lower doses of systemic opioids reduce some of its side effects, such as withdrawal syndrome, possible psychological changes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Despite these benefits, its use is controversial, as patients in intensive care units often have contraindications, such as coagulopathy, hemodynamic instability, and difficulty in neurological assessment and implementation of regional technique. CONTENT: The authors present a review of regional analgesia in intensive care, focusing on the main advantages and limitations of its use in critically ill patients, and describe the most commonly used regional techniques and its applicability.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La analgesia regional desempeña un rol importante en el abordaje multimodal del dolor en el enfermo crítico y permite amenizar la incomodidad del enfermo y reducir los estréses fisiológico y psicológico asociados. Al disminuir las dosis de opioides sistémicos, se reducen algunos de sus efectos colaterales, como el síndrome de abstinencia, posibles alteraciones psicológicas y disfunción gastrointestinal. A pesar de esos beneficios, su uso es controversial, pues los enfermos en unidades de cuidados intensivos tienen a menudo contraindicaciones, como la coagulopatía, la inestabilidad hemodinámica y la dificultad en la evaluación neurológica y en la ejecución de la técnica regional. CONTENIDO: Los autores presentan aquí una revisión sobre la analgesia regional en cuidados intensivos, concentrándose en las principales ventajas y limitaciones de su uso en el enfermo crítico, y describen las técnicas regionales más usadas y su aplicabilidad en ese contexto.

Regional analgesia in intensive care.

UNLABELLED: JUSTIFICATIONS AND OBJECTIVES: regional analgesia plays an important role in multimodal pain management in critically ill patients, minimizing patient discomfort and reducing the associated physiological and psychological stress. Lower doses of systemic opioids reduce some of its side effects, such as withdrawal syndrome, possible psychological changes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Despite these benefits, its use is controversial, as patients in intensive care units often have contraindications, such as coagulopathy, hemodynamic instability, and difficulty in neurological assessment and implementation of regional technique. CONTENT: The authors present a review of regional analgesia in intensive care, focusing on the main advantages and limitations of its use in critically ill patients, and describe the most commonly used regional techniques and its applicability.

Treatment of intrabony defects with enamel matrix proteins or barrier membranes: results from a multicenter practice-based clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This prospective multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial compared the clinical outcomes of enamel matrix proteins (EMD) versus placement of a bioabsorbable membrane in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration (GTR). METHODS: Seventy-five patients with advanced chronic periodontitis were recruited in seven centers in three countries. All patients had at least one intrabony defect of > or = 3 mm. Heavy smokers (> or = 20 cigarettes/day) were excluded. The surgical procedures included access for root instrumentation using the simplified papilla preservation flap and either the application of EMD or the placement of a GTR membrane. At baseline and 1 year following the interventions, clinical attachment levels (CAL), probing depths (PD), recession (REC), full-mouth plaque scores, and full-mouth bleeding scores were assessed. A total of 67 patients completed the study. RESULTS: At 1 year, the EMD defects gained 3.1 +/- 1.8 mm of CAL, versus 2.5 +/- 1.9 mm for GTR defects. Probing depth reduction was 3.8 +/- 1.5 mm and 3.3 +/- 1.5 mm, respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated that the differences between EMD and GTR treatments were not significant while a center effect and baseline PD significantly influenced CAL gains. No significant differences in terms of frequency distribution of the outcomes were observed. All cases treated with GTR presented at least one surgical complication, mostly membrane exposure, while only 6% of EMD treated sites displayed complications (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial failed to demonstrate superiority of one treatment modality over the other. GTR outcomes in this trial were lower than anticipated based on previous evidence. This was attributed to the high prevalence of post-surgical complications in the GTR group.

Control de placa e higiene bucodental. Resumen de los resultados del 1er workshop ibérico / Plaque control and oral hygiene. Summary results from the 1st iberian workshop

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