ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The death of a spouse greatly affects the survivor's emotions and may change one's everyday occupations, especially during recent bereavement. Considering the centrality of everyday occupations to occupational therapy practice, this research aimed to understand women's restoration-oriented everyday occupations within the first six months after the death of their spouse. METHODS: This was a qualitative thematic analysis that applied a realistic method and a theoretical approach at the semantic level. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the everyday occupations of widows after their husbands' deaths, emphasising those that were restoration-oriented, according to the dual process model of coping with bereavement framework. The analysis was conducted according to the phases expected to be conducted during a thematic analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen widows with long-term marital relationships participated in this research. Their perceptions concerning their relationships with their spouses were an important aspect that influenced their everyday occupations. Women who qualitatively described their marital relationships in terms of attributes grouped by the researcher as lost and lonely also mentioned difficulty managing previously habitual occupations and changes in the meanings assigned to some of those occupations. These women mobilised unique strategies to address suffering and occupational changes during bereavement. Women who qualitatively described their relationships with attributes grouped by the researcher as free at last felt freedom after their husbands' deaths, which, according to the widows, brought happiness and feelings of peace and enabled them to engage in freely chosen occupations and to broaden their social networks. CONCLUSION: Everyday occupations and their meanings can considerably change during widowhood. This study contributes to comprehending the uniqueness of responses to loss.
Subject(s)
Career Choice , Life Change Events , Marriage/psychology , Spouses/psychology , Widowhood/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Aged , Bereavement , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Occupations , Perception , Thematic Apperception Test , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução: Considerando que os enlutados são uma população mais vulnerável, é importante compreender os aspectos que se referem à realização de estudos qualitativos com esta população. Objetivo: Este artigo abordou uma reflexão sobre a realização de entrevistas com viúvas em processo de luto. Método: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, do tipo exploratório e descritivo, realizado com mulheres cujos cônjuges haviam falecido no período de dois a seis meses em decorrência de câncer. Todos os cônjuges tinham mais de 60 anos, e foram atendidos pela equipe de cuidados paliativos, no período de maio a outubro de 2015. As viúvas que aceitaram participar do estudo foram convidadas para uma entrevista individual. Para a sua condução foi utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi gravado, transcrito e analisado pelo processo de codificação, gerando temas abrangentes. Resultados: As viúvas em luto citaram alguns benefícios por terem participado das entrevistas, tais como: primeira oportunidade para falar sobre sua perda; possibilidade para partilhar seus sofrimentos, trazendo certo alívio; maior confiança em suas capacidades; fortalecimento individual por falar do dia a dia; e também reflexão sobre o modo de viver seu cotidiano. Conclusão: A realização de entrevistas com enlutados favoreceu a escuta atenta e sem interrupção, permitindo-lhes partilhar suas experiências. De acordo com os benefícios apontados pelas viúvas no compartilhamento de suas vivências - no contexto de uma pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas - foi possível inferir sobre a relevância da disponibilização de serviços de apoio ao luto, e também de favorer espaços de partilha aos enlutados em conformidade com suas demandas singulares.
Abstract Introduction: Considering the vulnerability of the bereaved people, it is important to perceive aspects concerning qualitative studies conducted with this population. Objective: This article aimed to reflect on the implications of conducting individual interviews with widows in bereavement. Method: It is a qualitative exploratory and descriptive study. Its target population was women, whose spouses have died within the past 2-6 months due to cancer and were over the age of 60 and had been attended by the Palliative Care Service during the period May- October 2015. The widows that agree to participate in the study were invited to a private interview. For its conduction, a semi-structured guideline was used. The content of the interviews was recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the coding process, generating comprehensive themes. Results: The widows cited benefits for participating in the interviews: it was the first opportunity to talk about their loss; it allowed them to share her distress, favoring some relief; increased confidence in their abilities; contributed to their empowered by talking about his daily life; allowed reflection on the way of living their everyday life. Conclusion: Conducting interviews with bereaved encourages attentive and uninterrupted listening, allowing them to share their experience. Considering the benefits pointed out by the widows, as they shared their experiences in the context of a qualitative research with interviews, it is possible to infer the relevance of the provision of bereavement support services, favoring bereaved to have space for sharing, in accordance with their singular demands.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess the impact of trace element concentrations in fish assemblages of a recovering coastal lagoon. Fish, water and sediment were sampled in winter and summer in the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between fish assemblages and environmental variables (physical-chemical parameters, contaminants and sediment grain size). In winter, fish density and biomass were mainly affected by the water turbidity, while Li concentration in the water column was found to be significant for fish biomass. During summer, a significant relationship was found between fish density and temperature, Hg, Li and Zn concentration in the sediment. These contaminants were mainly associated with the historically contaminated area, were Liza spp. and Dicentrarchus labrax appeared as dominant species. Environmental variables were not significant for fish biomass. The historical contamination in the Ria de Aveiro still seems to exert some influence on fish community structure.
