ABSTRACT
Free-throw is the only isolated and stable situation in basketball where psychological aspects can be isolated during the competition. The aim of the current study is to analyze the effectiveness of free-throws according to the number of teammates who supported (i.e., showed affection) the shooter before throwing. The study sample included 319 free-throws of men's and women's semi-finals and finals of the Spanish Under-16 and Under-14 Championship. The results showed significant differences when receiving affection in the free-throws after a foul. The significant variables are the shooters free-throws percentage during the game and in the first free-throw. This finding leads the author to suggest that coaches should dedicate enough time to practice the free-throw as an individual task in the training sessions, as well as encouraging teammates cohesion and affection when the shooter is performing a free-throw.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sports Equipment , Athletic Performance , Physical Functional Performance , Basketball , Affect , 57914 , Psychology, Sports , Sports MedicineABSTRACT
The rules of a game determine the technical and tactical skills necessary for the game, such as in basketball. An intervention program was designed that aimed to teach the rules that were considered to be the most important for the initiation to basketball and to teach the players the technical and tactical skills from these rules. The objective of the present study was to develop and assess an intervention program based on the coach´s perceptions of the program. The study´s sample was a mini-basketball team of 14 players and the team´s coach. The program lasted 8 months and had three weekly practice sessions. The instruments utilized for data collection were the daily training reflections, action research cycles, and the audio recordings. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The coding was done by the research team, and after several trial sessions, a Kappa index of K=.78 was achieved, which assured inter-coder reliability. Among the results, it should be highlighted that the rules were the backbone of the program. As the program progressed, the players better understood their use. Likewise, they understood the relationship between the technical and tactical skills and the rules, fostering their involvement in the learning process and their familiarization with the game. In conclusion, the experience of teaching basketball initiation through familiarizing players with the rules was positive due to the cognitive involvement of the players in the learning process
Las reglas condicionan los aspectos técnicos y tácticos del juego, como el baloncesto. Se diseñó un programa de intervención basado en la enseñanza de las reglas consideradas más importantes para la iniciación y, a partir de éstas, el aprendizaje de los medios técnicos y tácticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo se centró en el desarrollo y evaluación del programa de intervención a través de la percepción de la entrenadora. La muestra del estudio fue un equipo de 14 jugadores de minibasket y su entrenadora. El programa duró 8 meses con tres entrenamientos semanales. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de datos han sido los Diarios de entrenamiento, Ciclos de Supervisión y Ciclos de Audio. Los datos fueron analizados cualitativamente. La codificación fue realizada por el equipo de investigación y tras varios entrenamientos se alcanzó un índice Kappa de K=.78, lo que garantizó la fiabilidad inter-codificadores. Entre los resultados, se destaca que las reglas pueden suponer el eje vertebrador de la programación. A medida que avanzó el programa, los jugadores fueron entendiendo su utilidad. Asimismo, comprendieron la relación entre los aspectos técnico-tácticos y las reglas fomentando su implicación en el proceso de aprendizaje y la familiarización con el juego. A modo de conclusión, la experiencia de enseñar la iniciación al baloncesto a través de las reglas ha sido positiva por la implicación cognitiva de los jugadores en el proceso de aprendizaje
