Are trunk stability and endurance determinant factors for whole-body dynamic balance in physically active young males? A multidimensional analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Determine if (a) a better trunk stability and endurance are associated with an improved whole-body dynamic balance, and if (b) the assessment tests can be interchanged within each capability. METHODS: Sixty-three physically active young males performed three trunk stability (i.e., the lumbopelvic stability, the unstable sitting and the sudden loading sitting tests), three trunk muscle endurance (i.e., the Biering-Sørensen, the side bridge and the front bridge tests) and four whole-body dynamic balance (i.e., the tandem and the single-leg stance, the Y-Balance, and the single-leg triple hop tests) tests two times. After assessing the reliability of the variables, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS: The correlations between trunk stability and endurance tests with dynamic balance tests were non-significant except for the unstable sitting test with both the tandem (r = 0.502) and the single-leg stance (r = 0.522) tests. Moreover, no relationships were observed between the trunk stability and the trunk muscle endurance tests. Interestingly, no relationships were found between most tests within each capability (i.e., trunk stability, trunk endurance, and dynamic balance) except: (i) the front bridge stability test and the back (r = 0.461) and the side (r = 0.499) bridge stability tests; (ii) the two side bridge endurance tests (r = 0.786); (iii) the tandem and the single-leg stance tests (0.439 ≤ r ≤ 0.463); (iv) the Y-Balance and the single-leg triple hop tests (0.446 ≤ r ≤ 0.477). CONCLUSION: Better trunk function does not seem to be a relevant factor for dynamic balance in young active males. In this population, specific measures are needed as the test interchangeability is questioned.

Core stability: evaluación y criterios para su entrenamiento / / Core stability: avaliação e critérios para treinamento / Core stability: evaluation and training criteria

El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar las características de los métodos utilizados para valorar la estabilidad de la zona central del cuerpo (core stability), así como las características más importantes de los programas de ejercicios de estabilización del tronco. Los resultados de la revisión indican que métodos biomecánicos, como la aplicación controlada de cargas o descargas súbitas, el paradigma del asiento inestable y la modelación matemática, han permitido analizar el efecto de numerosos factores sobre la estabilidad del raquis. Por otro lado, los test de campo utilizados habitualmente para valorar la core stability (test de condición muscular, test de equilibrio corporal en apoyo monopodal, test de control postural del raquis lumbar y la pelvis, etc.) presentan limitaciones importantes, principalmente debido a la falta de estudios sobre la validez de estas medidas. Finalmente, existe una gran cantidad de información en relación con la eficacia y la seguridad de los ejercicios de estabilización, pero carecemos de información suficiente sobre otras características de la carga de entrenamiento (AU)

The aim of this study was to review both the characteristics of the tests used to assess core stability and the most important features of trunk stabilization exercise programs. The results of this review suggest that biomechanical methods such as sudden and controlled trunk loading and unloading, unstable sitting paradigm and mathematical modeling, have allowed us to analyze the effect of several factors on spine stability. In addition, field tests commonly used to assess core stability (muscle condition tests, single leg stance balance tests, postural control of lumbar spine and pelvis tests, etc.) have important limitations, mainly due to the absence of studies on the validity of these measurements. Finally, there is a lot of information regarding the effectiveness and safety of the stabilization exercises, but we lack enough information on other training load characteristics (AU)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar as características dos métodos utilizados para avaliar a estabilidade da zona central do corpo ("core estability"), assim como as características mais importantes dos programas de exercícios de estabilização do tronco. Os resultados da revisão indicam que métodos biomecânicos como a aplicação controlada de cargas ou descargas súbitas, o paradigma do assento estável e a modelação matemática, tem permitido analisar o efeito de numerosos fatores sobre a estabilidade da coluna. Por outro lado, os testes de campo utilizados habitualmente para avaliar a estabilidade do core (teste de condição muscular, teste de equilíbrio corporal em apoio monopodal, teste de controle postural da coluna lombar e da pelve, etc.) apresentam limitações importantes, principalmente devido a falta de estudos sobre a validade dessas medidas. Finalmente, existe uma grande quantidade de informação em relação à eficácia e à segurança dos exercícios de estabilização, mas carecemos de informação suficiente sobre outras características da carga de treinamento

Core stability. Concepto y aportaciones al entrenamiento y la prevención de lesiones / / «Core stability». Conceito e contribuições no treinamento e a prevenção de lesões / «Core stability». Concept and contributions to training and injury prevention

En este trabajo presentamos una revisión de la literatura científica sobre la estabilidad de la zona central del cuerpo (core stability) con el objeto de clarificar el significado de este concepto y su relación con el rendimiento y las lesiones deportivas. Los resultados de la revisión indican que el uso del término core stability es ambiguo, existiendo una gran confusión terminológica tanto en la literatura científica como en el ámbito profesional. Diversos estudios biomecánicos y epidemiológicos sugieren que el déficit en el control neuromuscular de la core stability está relacionado con el síndrome de dolor lumbar y lesiones de los miembros inferiores. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los ejercicios de core stability son elementos habituales dentro de los programas de entrenamiento deportivo, no existen evidencias suficientes para establecer una relación clara entre la práctica de estos ejercicios y la mejora del rendimiento en el deporte (AU)

In this work we present a scientific literature review on core stability with the aim of clarifying the meaning of this concept and its relation with sport performance and injury. The results of this review show that the use of the term core stability is ambiguous, as there is a great terminological confusion in both scientific literature and professional fields. Several biomechanical and epidemiological studies suggest that the neuromuscular control deficit of core stability is related to low back pain and lower limb injuries. Nevertheless, despite the fact that core stability exercises are key elements in sport training programs,there isnot enoughevidence to establisha clear relationbetweenthe practice ofthese exercises and the improvement in sport performance (AU)

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a estabilidade da zona central do corpo (core stability), com o objetivo de esclarecer o significado do conceito e sua relação com o rendimento e lesões desportivas. Os resultados desta revisão indicam que o uso do termo core stability é ambíguo, existindo uma grande confusão terminológica tanto na literatura científica como no âmbito profissional. Diversos estudos biomecânicos e epidemiológicos sugerem que o déficit no controle neuromuscular da core stability está relacionado com a síndrome da dor lombar e lesões dos membros inferiores. No entanto, apesar dos exercícios de core stability serem elementos habituais dentro dos programas de treinamento desportivo, não existem evidências suficientes para estabelecer uma relação clara entre a prática dos exercícios e a melhora do rendimento no esporte (AU)

Improved sample treatment for the determination of 17 strong sorbed quinolone antibiotics from compost by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

The use of compost from sewage sludge for agricultural application is nowadays increasing, since composting is recognized as one of the most important recycling options for this material, being a source of nutrients for plants but also of contamination by persistent pollutants. In the present work, a multi-residue analytical method for the determination of 17 quinolone antibiotic residues in compost using multivariate optimization strategies and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. It is based on the use of microwave-assisted extraction at drastic conditions with ACN:m-phosphoric acid (1% w/v) for 5 min at 120°C, in order to achieve a quantitative extraction of the compounds (>76% of extraction recovery). Extracts were cleaned-up by salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with NaCl at pH 1.5 (with HClO4) and then using a dispersive sorbent (PSA). After LC separation, the MS conditions, in positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI), were individually optimized for each analyte to obtain maximum sensitivity in the selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). The analytes were separated in less than 7 min. Cincophen was used as surrogate standard. The limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 ng g(-1), and the limits of the quantification from 0.5 to 1.5 ng g(-1), while intra- and inter-day variability (% RSD) was under 7% in all cases. A recovery assay was performed with spiked samples. Recoveries ranging from 95.3% to 106.2% were obtained. Cleanup procedure reduced significantly matrix effects, which constitutes an important achievement, considering the important drawbacks of matrix components in quality and validation parameters. This method was applied to several commercial compost samples. Only 6 of the studied antibiotics were not detected in any of the samples. The antibiotics with the highest concentrations were ciprofloxacin (836 ng g(-1)), ofloxacin (719 ng g(-1)), and enrofloxacin (674 ng g(-1)), which were also the only ones found in all the analyzed samples. The results showed that this method could also be potentially adapted for the analysis of other strong sorbed basic pharmaceuticals in solid environmental matrices.

Short-term effect of crunch exercise frequency on abdominal muscle endurance.

Despite core exercise programs are broadly used to increase muscle function and to promote low back health, there is a lack of scientific evidence on some of the most important characteristics of trunk exercise programs, as for example training frequency. This study aimed to compare the short-term effect of training frequencies of 1, 2 and 3 days per week (d/wk) on abdominal muscle endurance in untrained adolescents. One hundred and eighteen high-school students (59 men and 59 women) with no previous experience in structured abdominal exercise programs were assigned randomly to groups that trained 1 d/wk (G1; N.=21), 2 d/wk (G2; N.=27), 3 d/wk (G3; N.=23), or to a control group (CG; N.=47) that did not train. The training groups performed crunch and cross-crunch exercises 1, 2 or 3 d/wk during six weeks. Before and after the training period, the bench trunk-curl test (BTC test) was carried out to assess abdominal muscle endurance. Men obtained higher BTC test scores than women before and after training. Training frequencies of 1, 2 and 3 d/wk provided a significant increase in BTC test scores; however, no significant differences between the three groups' scores were found after training. Therefore, a small dose of crunch exercise training (1 d/wk) may be sufficient stimulus to increase abdominal endurance in untrained male and female adolescents, at least during the first weeks of an abdominal exercise program, which seems a very relevant finding in terms of time-cost efficiency.

Denitrification in a hypersaline lake-aquifer system (Pétrola Basin, Central Spain): the role of recent organic matter and Cretaceous organic rich sediments.

Agricultural regions in semi-arid to arid climates with associated saline wetlands are one of the most vulnerable environments to nitrate pollution. The Pétrola Basin was declared vulnerable to NO3(-) pollution by the Regional Government in 1998, and the hypersaline lake was classified as a heavily modified body of water. The study assessed groundwater NO3(-) through the use of multi-isotopic tracers (δ(15)N, δ(34)S, δ(13)C, δ(18)O) coupled to hydrochemistry in the aquifer connected to the eutrophic lake. Hydrogeologically, the basin shows two main flow components: regional groundwater flow from recharge areas (Zone 1) to the lake (Zone 2), and a density-driven flow from surface water to the underlying aquifer (Zone 3). In Zones 1 and 2, δ(15)NNO3 and δ(18)ONO3 suggest that NO3(-) from slightly volatilized ammonium synthetic fertilizers is only partially denitrified. The natural attenuation of NO3(-) can occur by heterotrophic reactions. However, autotrophic reactions cannot be ruled out. In Zone 3, the freshwater-saltwater interface (down to 12-16 m below the ground surface) is a reactive zone for NO3(-) attenuation. Tritium data suggest that the absence of NO3(-) in the deepest zones of the aquifer under the lake can be attributed to a regional groundwater flow with long residence time. In hypersaline lakes the geometry of the density-driven flow can play an important role in the transport of chemical species that can be related to denitrification processes.

The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature.

Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.

Unusual forms of alopecia areata in a Trichology Unit.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) occurs with the apparition of asyntomatic non inflamatory alopecia plaques without scars. We distinguish several variants which are divided into two groups: typical forms (AA in single or multiple plaques) and atypical forms (by its presentation, evolution or paradoxical regrowth). OBJETIVES AND METHODS: We describe the cases of AA treated in our Trichology Unit between January 2000 and December 2011. RESULTS: We obtained 488 cases of AA. 114 (23.36%) were unusual form of AA or had paradoxical regrowth. The most common unusual form of AA was sisaipho type (7.37%), followed by AA for black and blonde hair (5.32%), atypical diffuse forms (4.30%), androgenetic alopecia type and (3.89%) and AA rectangular occipital (0.68%). Furthermore, we found nine cases of paradoxical regrowth (1.84%). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical variants of AA in our series are less than 25% of all cases, although it should be noted that since it is a specialized unit, we may be making a selection bias to be more difficult to diagnose cases or poor outcome.

Human study of ion implantation as a surface treatment for dental implants.

This clinical study evaluated a new surface treatment of ion implantation with CO ions which has previously been subjected to extensive study in animal models. The aim of this work was to assess its effect in humans. Experimental mini-implants were used; half of their longitudinal surface was machined and the other half was treated with CO ion implantation. The study was conducted in healthy volunteer patients who required prosthetic treatment with dental implants, and in accordance with the corresponding ethics committees. Coinciding with the insertion of commercial implants for oral restoration, one or two mini-implants were placed in the upper maxillary tuberosity or in the retromolar trigone of the mandible. The mini-implants were removed with a trephine jointly with a small volume of surrounding bone after a 3-month period. Two evaluation methods were used and both showed a greater degree of bone integration in the mini-implant section that underwent CO ion implantation treatment in comparison with the non-treated surface: 62.9% vs. 57.9%, and 54.8% vs. 46.2%. In addition, no adverse reactions were observed in the surface treatment with CO ion implantation. These results confirm the positive benefits in humans, based on the findings obtained from previous animal experiments.

The enhancement of osteogenesis through the use of dental pulp pluripotent stem cells in 3D.

The potential for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCs) in vitro and in vivo has been well documented in a variety of studies. Previously, we obtained a population of cells from human dental pulp called dental pulp pluripotent stem cells (DPPSCs) that could differentiate into mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal progenies. We compared the osteogenic capacity of DPPSCs and DPMSCs that had been isolated from the same donors (N=5) and cultivated in the same osteogenic medium in 3D (three dimensions) Cell Carrier glass scaffolds. We also compared the architecture of bone-like tissue obtained from DPPSCs and human maxillary bone tissue. Differentiation was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the expression of bone markers such as ALP, Osteocalcin, COLL1 and Osteonectin was investigated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also used calcium quantification, Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity to compare the two cell types. New bone tissue formed by DPPSCs was in perfect continuity with the trabecular host bone structure, and the restored bone network demonstrated high interconnectivity. Significant differences between DPPSCs and DPMSCs were observed for the expression of bone markers, calcium deposition and ALP activity during osteogenic differentiation; these criteria were higher for DPPSCs than DPMSCs. Both DPPSCs and differentiated tissue showed normal chromosomal dosage after being cultured in vitro and analysed using short-chromosome genomic hybridisation (short-CGH). This study demonstrates the stability and potential for the use of DPPSCs in bone tissue engineering applications.

First Report of Heterobasidion annosum on Pinus pinaster in Spain.

The basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (=Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke), one of the most important pathogens in coniferous forests in Europe, Asia, and North America, causes root and butt rot. H. annosum was first recorded on Pinus pinaster Ait. (commonly known as Maritime pine) in France and Great Britain in 1961 (4) and Portugal in 1986 (2). P. pinaster is the most widespread conifer in Spain, with more than 700,000 and 600,000 ha in pure and mixed stands, respectively. Over the last few years, P. pinaster decline was observed in several stands in the center of the Iberian Peninsula. Unusual crown transparency, small needles, foliage discoloration, and early tree death are characteristic decline symptoms associated with the high mortality rate on this species. In June of 2010, 11 trees (40 to 60 years old) with a different degree of decline were felled in two zones (42°2'41″N, 3°18'14″W, elevation 1,096 m and 41°55'40″N, 3°12'3″W, elevation 1,128 m) and cut into sections (stump height, breast height, and near the top). Wood slices were removed from each section and taken to the laboratory. Samples were placed in moist chambers with optimal conditions of humidity and temperature to enhance pathogen growth. After 20 days of incubation in darkness at 25°C, H. annosum (anamorph Spiniger meineckellum [A. Olson] Stalpers) occurred on most of these slices. Conidiophores with subglobose to pyriform conidia (5.8 × 4.2 µm) were observed with a compound microscope. The fungus was isolated to extract DNA by disruption of the mycelium followed by washes with phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol solution (25:24:1). DNA was precipitated with 20% polyethylene glycol solution. PCR was carried out according to the instructions of the manufacturer of Dynazyme II DNA polymerase (Finnzymes Ltd, Espoo, Finland) with ITS primers, 1F (5'-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3') and 4 (5'-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'). After DNA purification, samples were sequenced (SECUGEN, Madrid, Spain) and aligned and corrected with Geneious Pro 5.3 to obtain the consensus sequences. Resulting DNA sequences of two isolates were deposited in GenBank (Nos. FR850494 and FR850495), and compared with a Blastn search at GenBank showing 100% identity and 100% coverage with H. annosum sensu stricto, former ISG-P (intersterility group of pines). For pathogenicity tests, 10 seedlings (2 year old) were inoculated with autoclaved P. pinaster wood chips colonized by H. annosum, and 10 control seedlings were inoculated with noncolonized wood chips. Inoculums were prepared by growing H. annosum on 4-mm-diameter wood chips placed on potato dextrose agar media for 3 weeks. The wood chips were put inside an oblique incision made at 6 cm above the soil line and wrapped with Parafilm. After 8 weeks in a growth chamber at 22.5°C with a 14-h photoperiod, the inoculated seedlings showed typical symptoms and 3 seedlings of 10 were dead. H. annosum was previously recorded on P. sylvestris in central Spain (1), causing needle drop, swelling at the stump height, and presence of dead trees by circular areas. This pathogen was also reported on P. nigra in northeastern Spain, associated with defoliation and mortality (3). To our knowledge, this is the first record of H. annosum on P. pinaster in Spain. References: (1) J. Benito-Martínez. An. Jardín Bot. Madrid 3:23, 1943. (2) N. Neves et al. EPPO Bull. 16:505, 1986. (3) J. Oliva et al. Bol. Sanidad Vegetal. Plagas. 34:415, 2008. (4) P. Spaulding. US Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 197:100, 1961.

Viability of maxillary bone harvesting by using different osteotomy techniques. A pilot study.

The use of autogenous grafts is still considered in bone regeneration surgeries. However, the bone cell viability of such grafts after being harvested from donor sites remains a matter of debate. The aim of the present study is to evaluate particulated and block bone cell viability, in terms of presence or absence of apoptosis and necrosis, obtained from different maxillary intra-oral harvesting methods: bone scraper, rotary carbide burs and piezoelectric device. Five healthy patients were enrolled in the study. The patients required sinus augmentation by lateral window approach. The bone was harvested by the bone scraper, piezoelectric device and rotary surgical instrument. The samples were processed with the Annexin V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate stain) kit and were analyzed by means of Fluoresence-Activated Cell Sorted (FACS) technique. Within the limitations of this pilot study, the results indicated that autogenous bone chips collected from the three harvesting methods presented a large percentage of apoptotic cells, although large scale production of necrotic cells was not detected. In summary, although rotary surgical instrument and piezoelectric devices are frequently used instruments for oral osteotomy, fresh autogenous bone chips collected from them did not present a viable bone cell source.

[Diagnosis of systemic disease after bilateral retinal arterial macroaneurysm]. / Diagnóstico de patología sistémica tras macroaneurisma arterial retiniano bilateral.

CASE REPORT: An 85 year old male suffered vision loss in both eyes due to ruptured bilateral retinal arterial macroaneurysms. DISCUSSION: We report this unusual case and show the importance of studying these types of patients in order to detect associated systemic diseases.

Diagnóstico de patología sistémica tras macroaneurisma arterial retiniano bilateral / Diagnosis of systemic disease after bilateral retinal arterial macroaneurysm

Caso clínico: Un varón de 85 años sufrió pérdida de visión en ambos ojos debido a la roturade macroaneurismas arteriales retinianos bilaterales.Discusión: Se comenta este caso inusual y hablamos de la importancia de estudiar a estospacientes para detectar enfermedades sistémicas asociadas(AU)

Case report: An 85 year old male suffered vision loss in both eyes due to ruptured bilateralretinal arterial macroaneurysms.Discussion:We report this unusual case and show the importance of studying these types ofpatients in order to detect associated systemic diseases(AU)

I Conferencia Nacional de Consenso sobre el Injerto Óseo del Seno Maxilar / 1st National Consensus Conference on maxillar sinus bone grafts

Objetivo: El objetivo de la I Conferencia Española de Consenso sobre el Injerto Óseo Sinusal era intentar llegar a puntos de acuerdo sobre las principales controversias de esta técnica, aplicada de forma muy variada y con el empleo de materiales muy diversos, y conseguir plasmar los mismos en un documento resumen consensuado por todos los autores. Material y método: Durante los días 17 y 18 de octubre de 2008 se celebró en Oviedo la citada conferencia, auspiciada por la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial. En ella se dieron cita un total de 50 ponentes de reconocido prestigio nacional e internacional que repasaron en 6 mesas de trabajo las principales controversias sobre los injertos óseos sinusales. Tras las conferencias de los ponentes, los moderadores establecían las principales conclusiones de cada mesa y se abría un turno de debate donde participaban todos los asistentes. Resultado: Este documento y sus conclusiones emanan de las presentaciones realizadas por los ponentes y de las deliberaciones y acuerdos de cada mesa de trabajo. Ambos han sido aprobados tras varias correcciones por todos los autores antes de ser enviados para su publicación. Además, han obtenido el reconocimiento científico oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y deben servir como base para futuros estudios y reuniones científicas. Conclusiones: El objetivo fundamental cuando se realiza un injerto óseo sinusal es la formación de hueso vital en el seno maxilar, para conseguir la supervivencia a largo plazo de los implantes tras su carga protésica. Para ello, la técnica y la secuencia de tratamiento deben orientarse a conseguir resultados predecibles y estables en el tiempo, aunque esto suponga un mayor tiempo de espera hasta la colocación de la prótesis. La estabilidad inicial del implante es el factor clave para la osteointegración y debe ser el principal criterio para indicar implantes simultáneos o diferidos en el seno maxilar(AU)

Objective: The objectives of the first Spanish Consensus Conference on Sinus Bone Graft were trying to reach agreements points on the major controversies of this technique, and translate them in a summary document. Material and method: During the 17th and 18th of October of 2008 took place in Oviedo (Spain) the Conference, sponsored by the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. There, 50 national and international speakers reviewed in 6 workshops the major controversies of sinus bone grafts. Following the conferences, the moderators proposed the main conclusions of each workshop and opened a round of discussion where all attendees participated. Results: This document and its conclusions emanate from the presentations made by the speakers and the discussions and agreements of each workshop. Both have been approved after several corrections by all authors before being submitted for publication. They have also obtained the official scientific recognition of the Spanish Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and should serve as a basis for future scientific studies and meetings. Conclusions: The main objective when we perform a sinus bone graft is vital bone formation in the maxillary sinus, to achieve long-term survival of the implants after prosthetic loading. To do this, the technique and sequence of treatment should aim to achieve predictable and stable results over time, although this involves a longer waiting time. The initial implant stability is the key factor for osseointegration and should be the main criterion to indicate simultaneous or delayed implants in the maxillary sinus(AU)

Perfiles de evaluación de la disnea en cuidados paliativos / No disponible

Introducción: la evaluación de la disnea evidencia que se trata de un síntoma con un perfil multidimensional. Objetivo: definir los perfiles y variables desde los que se evalúa la disnea en Cuidados Paliativos. Métodos: búsqueda mediante Medline de ensayos clínicos sobre el control de la disnea en enfermos avanzados. Se identificaron las variables empleadas en la evaluación de la disnea y se agruparon las que mostraban características comunes. Resultados: se han identificado 50 criterios de evaluación de la disnea, que se han agrupado en cuatro categorías según su perfil: escalas y cuestionarios, función respiratoria, capacidad de esfuerzo y otras características. En escalas y cuestionarios se distinguen escalas numéricas, categóricas, cuestionarios e indicadores complejos. En la función respiratoria se encuentran las constantes, los datos de función pulmonar, de gasometría arterial y de exploración física. La capacidad de esfuerzo incluye escalas específicas, la capacidad física del paciente, su adaptación al esfuerzo y la respuesta a pruebas de esfuerzo. En otras características se incluyen el impacto de la disnea en otros ámbitos y la presencia de crisis de disnea. Conclusión: la evaluación de la disnea se puede realizar desde varios perfiles. Esta diversidad en los perfiles dificulta que se empleen criterios homogéneos (AU)

Background: dyspnea is a symptom that is difficult to assess because it transcends its respiratory origin to show a multidimensional profile. Objective: to define the different profiles and related variables in the assessment of dyspnea in palliative care. Methods: we performed a Medline-based search of clinical trials related to the management of dyspnea in palliative care patients. We identified variables included for dyspnea assessment, which were grouped according to common profiles. Results: we identified 50 criteria for the evaluation of dyspnea that were grouped into four categories according to their profile: scales and questionnaires, respiratory function, ability to perform, and other characteristics. Scales and questionnaires include both numeric and categorical scales, questionnaires, and complex indicators. Measures of respiratory function include vital signs, lung function, arterial gasometry, and data from the physical exam. Ability to perform includes specific scales, performance status, adaptation effort, and trial effort. Finally, other characteristics are other personal areas that can be influenced by dyspnea and breakthrough dyspnea episodes. Conclusion: the evaluation of dyspnea may include diverse profiles. This diversity makes it difficult to use homogeneous criteria (AU)

Intraosseous mandibular schwannoma mimicking an odontogenic keratocyst, with a postsurgical pathological fracture.

OBJECTIVE: Schwannomas are slowly growing tumours derived from Schwann cells. We present a clinical case of schwannoma in the mandibular angle. METHOD: Case report and a review of the world literature concerning intraosseous schwannoma of the maxillofacial region. RESULTS: Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are slow-growing, benign neoplasms derived from Schwann cells. Intraoral lesions are unusual and intraosseous schwannomas are even rarer, representing less than 1 per cent of benign primary tumours of the bones. We present a clinical case of schwannoma in the mandibular angle mimicking a keratocystic odontogenic tumour, with a complicated posterior evolution. CONCLUSION: Clinically, neurilemmomas are slow-growing tumours which may be present for years before becoming symptomatic. Radiographically, the image may be suggestive of a benign process such as an odontogenic keratocyst. Histological analysis of the specimens obtained is extremely important in order to establish the final diagnosis.

Eutanasia y Cuidados Paliativos no hacen buen maridaje / No disponible

No disponible

Repercusión de los atentados del 11 de marzo en el Servicio de Rehabilitación del Hospital Gregorio Marañón / Repercussion of the March 11th terrorist attacks on the Rehabilitation Service of the Hospital

No disponible