Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Manuka Honey Against E.faecalis and E.coli - An In vitro Study.

AIM: To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Manuka honey against E.faecalis and E.coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212) were separately inoculated in the nutrient broth and incubated at 37(o)C for 24-48 hrs. Bacterial samples were kept in contact with each disinfectant solution for varying intervals of time. Once the test time had elapsed 10µL of the bacterial dilutions were plated on Mueller-Hinton agar and incubated for 24-48 hrs at 37°C to estimate the density. Study of the disinfection process with respect to time and Modeling was done. RESULTS: The mean value of the antimicrobial activity of Manuka honey against E.coli and E.faecalis are 1.55 and 0.36 respectively and are relatively higher. It shows that there is a significant difference among the various root canal disinfectant groups against E. coli and E. feacalis. (p<0.001) CONCLUSION: Manuka honey is shown to be a potential root canal disinfectant against gram positive and gram negative bacterial pathogens.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of EDTA, EDTAC, NaOCl and MTAD on Microhardness of Human Dentin - An In-vitro Study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of human dentin by using four irrigating solutions. Materials and Methodos: A total of 40 extracted mandibular premolars were selected and sectioned horizontally in the middle third of the root. Forty specimens of 4 mm thickness were embedded in acrylic resin and polished. Four test groups, each group containing ten specimens were immersed in respective irrigating solution and subjected to vicker's microhardness test at T0, T2 and T5min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data obtained were analyzed using the one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD method with ap=0.05 as the level for statistical significance. RESULTS: Suggested that there was no statistically significant difference in mean values between four experimental irrigating solutions. CONCLUSION: Mixture of Tetracycline isomer i.e. Doxycycline, Citric acid and a Detergent (Tween 80) MTAD not altered the microhardness of root canal dentin significantly and seems to be an appropriate irrigating solution, because of its harmless effect on the microhardness of the root canal dentin.

Persistence and dissipation kinetics of deltamethrin on chili in different agro-climatic zones of India.

Multi-location supervised field trials were conducted at four different agro climatic locations in India to evaluate the dissipation pattern of deltamethrin on chili. Deltamethrin 10 EC was applied on chili @17.5 and 35 g a.i. ha(-1), samples of green chili were drawn at different time intervals and that of red chili and soil at harvest time and quantified by gas liquid chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. The identity of residues were confirmed by Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrophotometer in selective ion monitoring mode in mass range 181, 253 m/z. Limit of quantification of the method was found to be 0.01 mg kg(-1). Half-life of deltamethrin at application rate of 17.5 g a.i. ha(-1) varied from 0.36 to 1.99 days and at double the application rate was found to range from 0.38 to 2.06 days. Residues of deltamethrin were found below its determination limit of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in red chili and soil. On the basis of the data generated, Deltamethrin 10 EC has been registered for use on chili in India and its Maximum Residue Limit has been fixed as 0.05 µg/g.

Assessment of flubendiamide residues in pigeon pea in different agro-climatic zones of India.

Supervised field trials were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at different agro-climatic zones of India to find out the harvest time residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) during the year 2006-2007. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 20 WDG at 50 g (T(1)) and 100 g (T(2)) a.i./ha were given to the crop at 15-days interval. The foliage samples at different time intervals were drawn at only one location, however, the harvest time samples of pigeon pea grain, shell, and straw were drawn at all the four locations. The residues were estimated by HPLC coupled with UV-VIS variable detector. No residues of flubendiamide and its des-iodo metabolite were found at harvest of the crop at or above the LOQ level of 0.05 µg/g. On the basis of the data generated, a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 28 days has been recommended and the flubendiamide 20 WDG has been registered for use on pigeon pea by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and the MRL has been fixed by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India under Prevention of Food and Adulteration as 0.05 µg/g on pigeon pea grains.