Correlation and estimation of stature from cephalofacial measurements: A study on Western Uttar Pradesh population.

BACKGROUND: Identification of an individual from fragmented remains is still a very challenging task for forensic experts in spite of the many studies which have been carried out till date, across the globe. Stature, one of the criteria of personal identification, has a definite and proportional biological relationship with every part of the human body which includes the cephalofacial (CF) region. At instances, where only CF remains are available, it becomes difficult for the forensic scientist to identify the deceased since there is a paucity of studies pertaining to the estimation of stature from CF dimensions. Results from such a study can be used as database for forensic investigations and other anthropometric studies. AIM: To estimate stature of an individual using data derived from CF measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 540 representative candidates (270 males and 270 females) in the age group of 20-25 years. Stature (S) and CF measurements (maximum head length [MHL], maximum head breadth [MHB], horizontal circumference of head [HHC], bigonial diameter [BGD], and morphological facial length [MFL]) of each candidate were recorded and tabulated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics v. 19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) for the CF dimensions obtained. Comparisons were made between the CF measurements recorded with respect to the gender using statistical mean, standard deviation, range, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear regression equation of height to the parameters recorded was derived. RESULTS: Findings suggest that all the CF measurements are significantly correlated with stature (P < 0.01). MHL, MHB, and HHC show higher correlation coefficients (r value) when compared to MFL and BGD. The CF measurements arranged in descending order based on their r value is HHC > MHL > MHB > MFL > BGD. In general, head measurements show lower values of standard error of estimate (SEE) compared to facial measurements. Among both sexes, HHC shows the least and BGD shows the highest SEE value when compared to all the other CF measurements. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the recommended anthropometric measurements provided serve as a template and confirm that there are geographical and sexual dimorphism in anthropometric parameters; therefore, these should be considered in forensic or criminal investigations.

Sequential Utilization of E-space for Correction of Moderate Crowding: A Case Report.

Leeway space and E-space plays a crucial role in the late transition phase from primary dentition to permanent dentition. Leeway space is normally 0.9 mm and 1.5 mm in upper and lower arch respectively. E-space is the difference in the mesiodistal width of deciduous second molar and permanent second premolar which is 2.3 in upper arch 2.5 mm in lower arch 1. E-space and leeway space are normally utilized by permanent first molars to establish class I molar relation in permanent dentition. We can also utilize this E-space during fixed orthodontic treatment for reliving of crowding in late mixed dentition. Thus, here in this article, we are presenting clinical technique along with case series of sequential utilization of E-space for correction of anterior crowding without extractions. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Reddy M, Jain S, Raghav P, Mohan S, Wadhawan A. Sequential Utilization of E-space for Correction of Moderate Crowding: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2018;11(6):519-525.

Anterior Sectional Twin Bracket Appliance - Innovative Use for Correction of Single Tooth Crossbite: A Case Report with Biomechanics.

Anterior sectional twin bracket appliance (ASTBA) is a sectional mechanism that involves two brackets on upper central incisors. This appliance is previously been used for correction of rotated incisors and midline spacing. But, detail biomechanics for single tooth crossbite correction is not previously explained. Here, in this article, we are presenting a detailed biomechanics of ASTBA for anterior single tooth crossbite correction along with case report. How to cite this article: Verma RK, Raghav P, Reddy MC, Kanwal R. Anterior Sectional Twin Bracket Appliance- Innovative Use for Correction of Single Tooth Crossbite: A Case Report with Biomechanics. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1): 66-69.

A benign salivary gland tumor of minor salivary gland mimicking an epithelial malignancy.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of major or minor salivary glands. Microscopically, PA exhibits a great diversity of morphological aspects. Here, we present an unusual case of PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin-filled cysts in the left retromolar region of a 50-year-old edentulous person whose microscopic finding may represent a diagnostic dilemma for pathologists.

Assessment of tooth proportions in an aesthetically acceptable smile.

INTRODUCTION: Aesthetic facial animation is mostly reported to be due to a close relationship between soft and hard tissue i.e. dynamic smile with appropriate tooth proportions. But variations in tooth size have been seen among various ethnic populations globally. AIM: To evaluate the size and morphology of maxillary anterior teeth, the tooth with maximum variation both mesiodistally and cervicoincisally. Also, the tooth to tooth ratio in percentage of the mean tooth sizes in both genders in patients with aesthetically acceptable smile decided by a panel in North Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) were taken and a video clip of their dynamic smile was captured .The smiles were analyzed by a panel and the tooth proportions of the selected attractive smiles were evaluated in both males and females separately. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2007 software; test used was Unpaired t-test and also Mean ± S.D., Variance, Ratio of W/L and its ranges were calculated. Significance is assessed at 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The mesiodistal width and cervicoincisal length of maxillary central incisor was greater compared to lateral incisor and canine in both males and females. There was a statistically significant difference between the width/length ratio of maxillary anterior teeth between males and females.Canine and Lateral incisor showed maximum variation mesio-distally and cervico-incisally. CONCLUSION: A smile is more pleasing if the visible teeth are in proper morphological proportions. Thus, it relates that teeth play a vital role in increasing the attractiveness of a smile. The mean coronal width/length ratio displayed a more square like tooth form for both males and females.

Mast cell count in oral reactive lesions: A histochemical study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to quantify the number of mast cells in focal reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity and to compare these two number of mast cells in normal gingival tissues and to correlate their presence with the state of connective tissue changes in reactive lesions and probably suggest a role for mast cells in these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient records were retrieved during a 10 year period from 2001 to 2010. Data of all reactive hyperplasias namely focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) were reviewed and 10 cases seen in the gingiva were selected for each category and stained with 1% toluidine blue for mast cells. Statistical analysis was applied to see the significant differences between the groups and with the normal gingival tissue. One-way ANOVA-F and unpaired t-test was applied and significant differences were seen between the groups at 5% level of significance. RESULTS: In this study, mast cell count was maximum in POF and fibrous hyperplasia (FH) followed by cases of PG and PGCG. CONCLUSION: The number of mast cells was more numerous in POF and FH suggesting that mast cell activation is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation, a condition that may lead to fibrosis as a result of increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts.

Reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: A ten year observational study on North Indian Population.

BACK GROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of focal reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity as reported in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Subharti Dental College, Meerut and to compare these data with those of previously reported studies from other regions and countries. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Patient records of the Department of Oral Pathology were retrieved during a 10 year period from 2001 to 2010. Data of all reactive hyperplasias namely focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, and site of location. RESULTS: There were 209 focal reactive hyperplastic lesions that comprised 12.8% of the 1634 accessed biopsies. FFH was the most common lesion constituting 57.4% of the cases, followed by PG (18.7%), POF (17.7%) and PGCG (6.22%). The mean age of patients at presentation was 31.56 years. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The most frequently involved site was the gingiva (81.8%); other sites were the buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, alveolar mucosa and palate. CONCLUSION: Oral lesions are often detected by Dental professionals and surgeons. Knowledge of the frequency and presentation of the most common oral lesions is beneficial in developing a clinical impression of such lesions encountered in practice and to minimize potential dentoalveolar complications. Key words:Focal reactive hyperplastic lesions, fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma.