ABSTRACT
A detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the heliospheric interaction with the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) are provided along with predictions of with the scientific discoveries that await. The new measurements required to make progress in this expanding frontier of space physics are discussed and include in-situ plasma and pick-up ion measurements throughout the heliosheath, direct sampling of the VLISM properties such as elemental and isotopic composition, densities, flows, and temperatures of neutral gas, dust and plasma, and remote energetic neutral atom (ENA) and Lyman-alpha (LYA) imaging from vantage points that can uniquely discern the heliospheric shape and bring new information on the interaction with interstellar hydrogen. The implementation of a pragmatic Interstellar Probe mission with a nominal design life to reach 375 Astronomical Units (au) with likely operation out to 550 au are reported as a result of a 4-year NASA funded mission study.
ABSTRACT
Zebrafish chemical screening allows for an in vivo assessment of small molecule modulation of biological processes. Compound toxicities, chemical alterations by metabolism, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and modulation of cell niches can be studied with this method. Furthermore, zebrafish screening is straightforward and cost effective. Zebrafish provide an invaluable platform for novel therapeutic discovery through chemical screening.
Subject(s)
Drug Discovery/methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods , Zebrafish/growth & development , Animals , Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects , Humans , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Zebrafish/geneticsABSTRACT
We describe what are to our knowledge the first photorefractive holographic recordings in a fiber. A plane-wave reference and an image-carrying object beam are incident upon the fiber in a reflection geometry. We report results on the angular sensitivity of the recordings, the image quality, and readout efficiency as a function of the reference-wave input angle when the object wave propagates along the bore of the fiber. These experiments are carried out for two relatively short, 4- and 8-mm, multimode 1-mm-diameter fibers. The results suggest that an array of fibers might favorably replace bulk materials for certain computer and signal-processing applications.
ABSTRACT
We describe a novel procedure for obtaining enhanced nondestructive holographic readout in SBN, where the key new ingredient is utilization of degrees of freedom in polarization of the reconstruction beam. The effect also involves spatial frequency and the applied voltage during both the recording and the reconstruction. The reconstructed beam first drops in intensity but subsequently grows in strength above the starting value, approaching 100% efficiency in some cases. More than 6 h of continuous readout has been achieved, with efficiency remaining strong enough to give more than 10(9) 10-microsec readouts with signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 20 dB.
