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1.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 64(8): 431-440, 2017 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28347552

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: An increased number of errors and reduced patient safety have been reported during the incorporation of residents, as this period involves learning new skills. The objectives were to evaluate the learning outcomes of an immersive simulation boot-camp for incoming residents before starting the clinical rotations. Airway assessment, airway control with direct laryngoscopy, and epidural catheterization competencies were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twelve first-year anaesthesiology residents participated. A prospective study to evaluate transfer of endotracheal intubation skills learned at the simulation centre to clinical practice (primary outcome) was conducted. A checklist of 28 skills and behaviours was used to assess the first supervised intubation performed during anaesthesia induction in ASA I/II patients. Secondary outcome was self-efficacy to perform epidural catheterization. A satisfaction survey was also performed. RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of residents completed more than 21 out of 28 skills and behaviours to assess and control the airway during their first intubation in patients. Twelve items were performed by all residents and 5 by half of them. More than 83% of participants reported a high level of self-efficacy in placing an epidural catheter. All participants would recommend the course to their colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: A focused intensive simulation-based boot-camp addressing key competencies required to begin anaesthesia residency was well received, and led to transfer of airway management skills learned to clinical settings when performing for first time on patients, and to increased self-reported efficacy in performing epidural catheterization.


Subject(s)
Anesthesiology/education , Simulation Training , Airway Management , Consumer Behavior , Curriculum , Educational Measurement , Humans , Internship and Residency , Learning Curve , Prospective Studies , Self Efficacy
2.
Semergen ; 43(1): 4-12, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27165297

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Non-compliance with antibiotics treatment has severe consequences. Although antibiotics are commonly prescribed drugs, there are few studies that evaluate therapeutic compliance in acute diseases. The main objective of this study is to determine the percentage of non-compliance with the systemic antibiotics treatment prescribed in emergency departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in the Emergency Department of 2 health centres of the Cantabria Health Service between the months of June and September 2014. The study included patients of any age, and those could be monitored, who were prescribed a systemic antibiotic for any infectious disease. Sociodemographic variables, diseases, and compliance were the variables studied. The Morinsky-Green test was used, plus 3 questions added by the authors. RESULTS: Of the 303 patients included, non-compliance, evaluated using the Morinsky-Green test, was 32.7% (95% CI 27.6-38.1), with this rising to the 44.9% (95% CI 39.4-50.5) when the 3 mentioned questions were added to the test. A downward trend is observed in non-compliance as the age increases. The risk of non-compliance is twice in men than in women: OR=2.02 (95% CI 1.27-3.24). CONCLUSIONS: Almost half (45%) of the patients who are prescribed antibiotics do not comply with the indications. Most of them attribute this fact to forgetfulness in compliance with the prescribed treatment. The elderly and women follow the treatment better, which should be taken into account when designing strategies to improve therapeutic compliance.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors , Young Adult
3.
Pharm. care Esp ; 19(1): 35-48, 2017. graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-160645

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Con la Ley 14/2007 de 3 de julio de Investigación Biomédica se establece la obligación del consentimiento informado así como el informe favorable del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica (CEIC). No existen publicaciones dentro del ámbito de la Farmacia Comunitaria que aborden este tema, por eso hemos realizado esta revisión. Objetivos: Evaluar y describir la prevalencia de artículos publicados en España sobre Farmacia Comunitaria con Consentimiento Informado y la aprobación del CEIC en el año 2015. Método: Se analizó una muestra de ren Pubmed utilizando el término MESH «community pharmacy services», en el año 2015. Se realizó una búsqueda en revistas más leidas en este campo (Pharmaceutical Care España, Farmacéuticos Comunitarios, Ars Pharmaceutica, Pharmacy Practice) y webs especializadas (web del Grupo de Investigación del Grupo de Atención Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Granada, web de la Cátedra de Atención Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Granada). En las fuentes anteriormente citadas se seleccionó una muestra de todos los artículos correspondientes al año 2015. Se excluyeron los estudios realizados fuera de España, casos clínicos, los informes de opiniones, las editoriales, las revisiones y los estudios realizados fuera del ámbito de farmacia comunitaria. De los 268 artículos se seleccionó una muestra de 23. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva. Las variables cualitativas se describen mediante porcentajes con intervalos de confianza según el método recomendado de Wilson. Resultados: Un 65,2% de los estudios incluidos en la muestra seleccionada no presentaron consentimiento informado previo a los pacientes. De todas las publicaciones revisadas un 87,0% no presenta la aprobación del CEIC (Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de consentimiento informado previo así como la aprobación del CEIC es baja en la muestra utilizada. Son necesarios más estudios que apoyen el resultado de este trabajo


Introduction: The Act 14/2007 of 3 July about Biomedical Research establishes the requirement for Informed Consent as well as the favorable report of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC). In the Community Pharmacy scope, there is a lack of publications that deal with this issue. Therefore, we have carried out this review. Objectives: To evaluate and describe the prevalence of articles published in Spain about Community Pharmacy with Informed Consent and the endorsement of the CREC in 2015. Methods: In 2015, a sample of PubMed was analyzed using as search term «community pharmacy services». It was done a search among the most widely read magazines of this field (Pharmaceutical Care España, Farmacéticos Comunitarios, Ars Pharmaceutica and Pharmacy Practice) and specialized websites (the web of the Research Group of the Phamaceutical Care of the University of Granada (Spain), the web of the Pharmaceutical Care Chair of the University of Granada (Spain). In the sources above mentioned, a sample of all the articles of 2015 was chosen. All the studies done outside Spain, the clinical cases, the opinion reports, the editorials, the reviews and the studies done outside the scope of the Community Pharmacy were excluded. Among the 268 articles, a sample of 23 was chosen. It was carried out a descriptive figure. The qualitative variables are described through percentages with confidence intervals according to the recommended method of Wilson. Results: 65.2% of the studies included in the chosen sample didn’t offer previous Informed Consent to patients. Among all the publications reviewed, 87.0% didn’t have the endorsement of the CREC (Clinical Research Ethics Committee). Conclusions: In the sample used, the prevalence of the previous Informed Consent just as the endorsement of the CREC is low. More studies that support the result of this review are needed


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Pharmacy Services , Ethics, Research , Informed Consent/ethics , Ethics Committees, Research/organization & administration , Bioethics/trends , Periodicals as Topic/ethics
4.
Bol. pediatr ; 56(236): 146-156, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-155805

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar determinadas prácticas alimentarias en adolescentes escolarizados en centros de educación pública de Cantabria, participantes en el Proyecto 'Promoción de Hábitos Saludables en Adolescentes desde el Ámbito Educativo'. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 1.101 adolescentes: 568 (51,6%) varones y 533 (48,4%) mujeres, de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 17 años, escolarizados en dieciséis centros de enseñanza primaria y secundaria, mediante un cuestionario autocumplimentado. Resultados: Los adolescentes suelen realizar entre cuatro (41,5%) y cinco (31,6%) ingestas diarias. Durante los días de colegio, el 34% emplea entre diez y quince minutos en desayunar, y entre 30 y 35 minutos en comer (33,5%) y cenar (23%). Un elevado porcentaje (49,4%) de adolescentes desayunaba en soledad durante los días lectivos. Las principales ingestas alimenticias se realizan en el hogar. Las bebidas no alcohólicas (53,6%) y los dulces (42%) son los principales destinos de su dinero de bolsillo. En la casi totalidad de los hogares, es la madre la que se encarga de la compra de los alimentos, de la preparación de las comidas y de decidir tanto el almuerzo como la merienda. La pizza (72,6%) y las patatas fritas (70,8%) son los alimentos considerados más ricos entre los analizados, mientras que el perrito caliente (49,4%) y la hamburguesa (48,5%) son considerados como los menos sanos. El 58,6% de los encuestados cena viendo la televisión. Conclusión: En el estudio del comportamiento alimentario es necesario analizar la influencia de otros factores que, en muchas ocasiones, están detrás de las recomendaciones dietéticas y que casi siempre son ignorados. Prácticas alimentarias como las analizadas en el presente estudio, permiten, cuando estas se desarrollan de forma adecuada, una mejora sustancial en la salud alimentaria y nutricional de las personas


Objetive: To analyse some food practices, by age and sex, in primary and secondary schools adolescents in Cantabria, who are participating in the "Adolescents Health Habits Promotion since Education field" project. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1101 adolescents: 568 (51.6%) were men and 533 (48.4%) were women, aged between 12 and 17, attending 16 different primary and secondary education centers in Cantabria, by means of questionnaire. Results: Adolescents usually eats between 4 and 5 times a day. They use between 10 to 15 minutes in having breakfast, between 30 to 35 minutes in having lunch and dinner on school days. A high percentage have breakfast alone on school days. The main eats were carried on at home. Soft drinks and sweet are the main purchase with their pocket money. Almost always, the mother is charged of buying the foods, preparing the meals and decide the morning and the afternoon snacks. Pizza and fried potatoes are considerated as most taste, whereas hot dog and hamburger are considerated as less healthy. The 58.6% of adolescents having dinner watching television. Conclusions: In the food behavior study, it is necessary to analyse the influence of other factors which, in many occasions, are behind of dietetic recommendations and the almost always are ignored. Food practices as we have analysed permit, when these are carry out in a right way, an important improve in the people nutritional health


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Food and Nutrition Education , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Nutrition
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(3): 652-7, 2014 Mar 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24559011

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyse nutritional risk, by age and sex, among primary and secondary education adolescents from Cantabria. METHODOLOGY: a cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1101 adolescents: 568 (51.6%) were men and 533 (48.4%) were women, aged 12 to 17, attending 16 different primary and secondary education centres in Cantabria, by means of a Krece Plus questionnaire. RESULTS: A high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk (35%) can be observed. Men show a high nutritional risk slightly higher than women (37.8% male vs 32.1% female). Moreover, the high nutritional risk experiences a notable increase as young people get older. Significant statistical differences can be seen both in male and female groups, and as a global group. In all three cases, the nutritional risk distribution in the youngest group is very similar (35.2-35.8% in male, 27.9-29.7% in female, 31.7-32.7% in the global group); whereas in elder adolescents, those values are practically doubled (57.1% in male, 69.0% in female, y 62.2% in the global group). CONCLUSIONS: Results are alarming mainly given the high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk. Men and older adolescents are the groups in which high nutritional risk is more evident.


Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo nutricional, por edad y sexo, que presentan los adolescentes escolarizados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 1101 adolescentes, de los que 51,6% eran varones y 48,4% fueron mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 17 años, escolarizados en centros de enseñanza pública, mediante el cuestionario Krece Plus. Resultados: Se observa un elevado porcentaje de adolescentes que presentan un riesgo nutricional elevado (35%). Los varones presentan un riesgo nutricional alto en un porcentaje ligeramente superior a las mujeres (37,8 % vs 32,1%). Además, el riesgo nutricional alto sufre un notable incremento a medida que la edad de los jóvenes aumenta. Se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto en los grupos de edad de los varones (p = 0,024), de las mujeres (p < 0,001) como en el grupo global (p = 0,001). En los tres casos, la distribución del riego nutricional en los grupos de menor edad es muy similar (entre 35,2 y 35,8% en los h, entre 27,9 y 29,7% en las m, y entre 31,7 y 32,7% en el grupo total). Mientras que en el grupo de mayor edad estos valores prácticamente se duplican (57,1% en los h, 69,0% en las m, y 62,2 % en el grupo total). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos muestran una realidad preocupante debido, principalmente, al elevado porcentaje de adolescentes que presentan un riesgo nutricional elevado. Siendo los varones y los adolescentes de mayor edad los sectores en los que este riesgo nutricional elevado es superior.


Subject(s)
Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(3): 652-657, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-120637

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo nutricional, por edad y sexo, que presentan los adolescentes escolarizados en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 1101 adolescentes, de los que 51,6% eran varones y 48,4% fueron mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 17 años, escolarizados en centros de enseñanza pública, mediante el cuestionario Krece Plus. Resultados: Se observa un elevado porcentaje de adolescentes que presentan un riesgo nutricional elevado(35%). Los varones presentan un riesgo nutricional alto en un porcentaje ligeramente superior a las mujeres (37,8% vs 32,1%). Además, el riesgo nutricional alto sufre un notable incremento a medida que la edad de los jóvenes aumenta. Se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto en los grupos de edad de los varones (p =0,024), de las mujeres (p < 0,001) como en el grupo global(p = 0,001). En los tres casos, la distribución del riego nutricional en los grupos de menor edad es muy similar(entre 35,2 y 35,8% en los h, entre 27,9 y 29,7% en las m, y entre 31,7 y 32,7% en el grupo total). Mientras que en el grupo de mayor edad estos valores prácticamente se duplican (57,1% en los h, 69,0% en las m, y 62,2 % en el grupo total).Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos muestran una realidad preocupante debido, principalmente, al elevado porcentaje de adolescentes que presentan un riesgo nutricional elevado. Siendo los varones y los adolescentes de mayor edad los sectores en los que este riesgo nutricional elevado es superior (AU)


Objective: To analyse nutritional risk, by age and sex, among primary and secondary education adolescents from Cantabria. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out, analysing a sample of 1101 adolescents: 568 (51.6%) were men and 533 (48.4%) were women, aged 12 to 17,attending 16 different primary and secondary education centres in Cantabria, by means of a Krece Plus questionnaire. Results: A high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk (35%) can be observed. Men show a high nutritional risk slightly higher than women (37.8% h vs32.1% m). Moreover, the high nutritional risk experiences a notable increase as young people get older. Significant statistical differences can be seen both in male and female groups, and as a global group. In all three cases, the nutritional risk distribution in the youngest group is very similar (35.2-35.8% in h, 27.9-29.7% in m, 31.7-32.7% in the global group); whereas in elder adolescents, those values are practically doubled (57.1% in h, 69.0% in m, y62.2% in the global group).Conclusions: Results are alarming mainly given the high percentage of adolescents with a high nutritional risk. Men and older adolescents are the groups in which high nutritional risk is more evident (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , School Feeding , Nutritional Requirements , Risk Factors , Risk Adjustment/methods , Age and Sex Distribution , Nutrition Surveys
10.
Pharm. care Esp ; 14(6): 238-248, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108983

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El estudio de interacciones farmacológicas en la farmacia comunitaria no está integrado en el día a día del profesional farmacéutico. Una de las principales barreras para lograrlo ha sido la falta de un historial farmacoterapéutico único. Se sabe que este tipo de problema relacionado con los medicamentos tiene un elevado impacto sobre la salud de los pacientes, asociado a la efectividad o seguridad de éstos, así como un gran coste económico para el sistema sanitario. Objetivos: Calcular la prevalencia de interacciones farmacológicas en usuarios de receta electrónica; clasificar las interacciones según su gravedad, según su evidencia y por su recomendación en la intervención; buscar factores asociados a la aparición de interacciones farmacológicas. Material y métodos: Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con dos o más medicamentos distintos prescritos con receta electrónica. Se evaluaron las interacciones de la receta electrónica utilizando la base de datos Bot PLUS y Medinteract. Resultados: Entre los 285 pacientes incluidos, 38 presentan una o más interacciones de carácter grave, cuya prevalencia fue del 13,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 13,3-19,8). El 87,8% de las interacciones graves estaban documentadas. La interacción grave más frecuente fue la asociación de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y ácido acetilsalicílico. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de interacciones farmacológicas graves es elevada. El uso de la receta electrónica agiliza y facilita su identificación (AU)


Introduction: The identification of pharmacological drug-interactions is not integrated in the daily practice of the community pharmacy. The main barrier has always been the lack of a complete patient medication record. It is known that this drug-related problem has a great economic and social impact. Objectives: To know the potential drug interactions in a community pharmacy on patients using electronic prescription. To assess their severity, recommendations and the clinical evidence. Methods: Prevalence study. The study took place in a community pharmacy with patients who acquires two or more electronic prescriptions. Potential drug interactions were checked by two database, Bot PLUS and Medinteract. Main results: 285 patients were included. Among these patiens 38 had one or more fatal interactions. The prevalence of these fatal interactions was 13.3% (95%CI: 13.3-19.8). 87.8% of the fatal interactions were documented. Interaction between antiinflamatory drugs and salycilic acid was of high prevalence. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of fatal drug interactions between patients using electronical prescription. The use of this system makes easy the identification and prevention of interactions by the pharmacists (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Drug Interactions/physiology , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Electronic Prescribing/standards , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted/trends , Confidence Intervals , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/organization & administration
11.
Farm Hosp ; 33(1): 12-25, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19401093

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as a cause of hospital admission and to determine their characteristics (types, categories, avoidability, severity and the drug groups involved.) To determine possible risk factors related to the appearance of this problem. METHOD: An observational study carried out over a three month period in a department of the university hospital, 163 patients were selected at random. The information obtained from the patient interview, the revision of clinical records and clinical sessions were used to then identify negative clinical outcomes using the Dader method. RESULTS: In 27 cases (16.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 23.0), negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were considered to be the main cause of hospital admission. The most frequent negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were untreated health problems, non-quantitative ineffectiveness and quantitative safety problems respectively. The overall prevalence of preventable admissions due to negative clinical outcomes associated with medication was 88.9 %; (95 % CI, 71.9 to 96.1 %.) With regards to severity, 74.1 % (95 % CI, 55.3 to 86.1 %) of the total admissions were moderate. The most common drugs implicated in hospital admissions were: antibacterial for systemic use, cardiovascular and non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from age, no other factors were found for hospital admissions due to negative results associated with medication. CONCLUSIONS: Negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as cause of hospital admission are a prevalent problem and most of them are avoidable with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.


Subject(s)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Hospitalization , Algorithms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Farm. hosp ; 33(1): 12-25, ene.-feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-105268

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de resultados negativos asociados a medicamentos como causa de ingreso hospitalario y determinar sus características (dimensiones, tipos, evitabilidad, gravedad y grupos terapéuticos implicados). Buscar posibles factores asociados a la aparición de este problema. Método: Estudio observacional transversal, durante 3 meses, en una unidad del hospital universitario, seleccionando al azar mediante el método de extracción de bolas de una urna a 163 pacientes. La información obtenida de la entrevista con el paciente, de la revisión de historias clínicas y la procedente de las sesiones clínicas se empleaba para la identificación posterior de los resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos mediante el método Dáder. Resultados: En 27 de los 163 pacientes estudiados (16,6 %; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %, 1,6-23,0), el ingreso fue causado principalmente por un resultado negativo asociado con los medicamentos. Los pacientes ingresaron por problemas de salud no tratados, inefectividades no cuantitativas e inseguridades cuantitativas respectivamente. Un 88,9 % (IC del 95 %, 71,9-96,1) de los ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos fueron evitables. En cuanto a la gravedad, el 74,1 % (IC del 95 %, 55,3-86,1) fueron moderados. Los principales grupos farmacológicos implicados en los ingresos fueron antiinfecciosos sistémicos, fármacos relacionados con el aparato cardiovascular y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. A excepción de la edad, no se encontraron factores asociados a la aparición de ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos. Conclusiones: Los ingresos por resultados negativos asociados con medicamentos son un problema de elevada prevalencia y la mayoría son evitables mediante seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (AU)


Objective: To assess the prevalence of negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as a cause of hospital admission and to determine their characteristics (types, categories, avoidability, severity and the drug groups involved.) To determine possible risk factors related to the appearance of this problem. Method: An observational study carried out over a three month period in a department of the university hospital, 163 patients were selected at random. The information obtained from the patient interview, the revision of clinical records and clinical sessions were used to then identify negative clinical outcomes using the Dader method. Results: In 27 cases (16.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 23.0), negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were considered to be the main cause of hospital admission. The most frequent negative clinical outcomes associated with medication were untreated health problems, non-quantitative ineffectiveness and quantitative safety problems respectively. The overall prevalence of preventable admissions due to negative clinical outcomes associated with medication was 88.9 %; (95 % CI, 71.9 to 96.1 %.) With regards to severity, 74.1 % (95 % CI, 55.3 to 86.1 %) of the total admissions were moderate. The most common drugs implicated in hospital admissions were: antibacterial for systemic use, cardiovascular and non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from age, no other factors were found for hospital admissions due to negative results associated with medication. Conclusions: Negative clinical outcomes associated with medication as cause of hospital admission are a prevalent problem and most of them are avoidable with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , /organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Bol. pediatr ; 49(209): 248-258, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87459

ABSTRACT

Aunque el asma bronquial es la enfermedad crónica pediátrica más prevalente, son pocos los estudios basados en la historia clínica de Atención Primaria (AP). En este sentido, conocer sus características clínicas ayudará a conocer la verdadera magnitud que el asma representa en AP. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal de prevalencia de asma diagnosticado en niños adscritos a cuatro cupos de pediatría de AP de Cantabria (2478 niños de 6 a 15 años) con descripción del perfil clínico, epidemiológico y alérgico de los niños asmáticos (295 niños) encontrados a partir de los datos de sus historias clínicas hasta septiembre de 2008. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma diagnosticada fue del 11,90% (295 niños) con variaciones desde un 14,4% hasta el 7,4% dependiendo del cupo estudiado. La prevalencia de asma activo con crisis de asma en el último año fue del 8,3% (206 niños). El 59% de los asmáticos fueron varones. Como antecedentes familiares destacaban la presencia de asma en alguno de los padres en el 30,5%, de rinitis alérgica en el 40,3%, de dermatitis atópica en el 27,1% y de tabaquismo en el 52,9%, con un 55,3% de niños asmáticos afectados de tabaquismo pasivo. Un 55,3% de los pacientes habían presentado bronquiolitis. El 61% de los asmáticos asociaron rinitis alérgica y 48,8% dermatitis atópica. El nivel de gravedad del asma fue un 68,5% asma episódico ocasional, 18,7% asma episódico frecuente, 12,5% asma persistente moderado y 0,3% asma persistente grave. Un 24,7% de los niños asmáticos requirieron acudir a urgencias en el último año. Los meses con más crisis de asma fueron septiembre y octubre con otro pico también en el mes de mayo. Un 59,6% no tenían tratamiento de base, 16,9% usaban corticoides inhalados, 22% tratamiento combinado (β2 de acción larga y corticoide inhalado), 2,4% montelukast y un 10,5% inmunoterapia. El 78,3% de los pacientes estudiados fueron atópicos con un predominio de alergia a ácaros del polvo (68,5%) y del polen de las gramí- neas (34,6%). La duración de la lactancia materna en la población estudiada fue de 90 días, siendo mayor la duración a mayor gravedad del asma (120 días en el asma persistente frente a 60 días en el asma episódico ocasional), (p=0,08). Solamente el 29,2% de los niños asmáticos tenían realizada la espirometría y un 9,5% se derivaron a neumología frente al 30,5% a alergología. El nivel de gravedad del asma se asoció con la presencia de asma en el padre (OR=2,65, p=0,03), asma en los hermanos (OR=3,88, p<0,001) y el antecedente de haber padecido bronquiolitis (OR=1,75, p=0,05). Así mismo, la menor edad de los niños fue el único factor encontrado que predecía el acudir a urgencias (OR=1,12, p=0,03). Conclusiones: El conocimiento del perfil clínico-epidemiológico del asma en AP permitirá mejorar el manejo de esta enfermedad, conocer mejor su impacto real, así como valorar su tendencia futura y gravedad. Se confirma la existencia de una prevalencia alta de asma bronquial por diagnóstico médico de forma similar a las encontradas en el norte de España (AU)


Although bronchial asthma is the most prevalent pediatric chronic disease, there are few studies based on the medical history of Primary Health Care (PHC). In this sense, knowing its clinical features will help to know the real magnitude asthma has in PHC. Methods: Prevalence study of all the children who were diagnosed with asthma (295 children) assigned to four pediatric consultations of PHC in Cantabria (Northern Spain, 2478 children) and where clinical, allergic and epidemiological profile, taken from the data of their medical histories until September 2008, are shown. Results: It was found a prevalence of diagnosed asthma of 11.90% (295 children), with variations from 14.4% to 7.4% depending on the pediatric consultations studied. The active asthma prevalence (asthma crisis during the last year) was of 8.3% (206 children). 59% of all asthmatic children were men. Concerning family antecedents, we must take into account that in some of the children´s parents we have found the presence of asthma in 30.5%, of allergic rhinitis in 40.3%, atopic dermatitis in 27.1% and habit smoking in 52.9%, with 55.3% of asthmatic children affected by passive smoking. 55.3% of the patients had suffered from bronchiolitis. 61% of the asthmatic ones associated allergic rhinitis and a 48.8% atopic dermatitis. Regarding the severity of asthma we found that 68.5% were occasional episodic asthma, 18.7% frequent episodic asthma, 12.5% moderate persistent asthma and 0.3% severe persistent asthma. 24.7% of the asthmatic children required emergency services during last year. September and October are the months with a higher prevalence of asthma attacks and we find another rise of asthma attacks in May. 59.6% did not have base treatment, 16.9% used inhaled corticoids, 22% combined treatment (‚2 of long action and inhaled corticoid), 2.4% montelukast and a 10.5% inmmunotherapy. 78.3% of the studied patients were atopics, 68.5% were allergic to dust mites and a 34.6% to grass pollen. Breastfeeding period of time of the population studied was of 90 days, the more the breastfeeding lasts, the more severe asthma was (120 days of persistent asthma against 60 days of occasional episodic asthma), (p=0,08). Only a 29.2% of the asthmatic children had made the spirometry and a 9.5% were sent to pneumology against the 30.5% who were sent to allergology The level of severity of asthma was associated with the presence of asthma in the father (OR=2,65, p=0,03), asthma in the brothers (OR=3,88, p< 0.001) and the antecedent of to have suffered bronquiolitis (OR=1,75, p=0,05). Also, the smaller age of the children was the only found factor that it predicted going to urgencies (OR=1,12, p=0,03). Conclusions: The knowledge of the clinical-epidemiological profile of asthma in PHC will allow to improve the handling of this disease, to know its real impact, as well as to value its future tendency and severity. The existence of high prevalence of bronchial asthma by medical diagnosis of form similar to the ones found in the north of Spain is confirmed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/epidemiology , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Asthma/etiology , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Allergens , Severity of Illness Index , Risk Factors
15.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66154

ABSTRACT

El trastorno de déficit de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad (TDAH) es una dificultad que afecta al 3-7% de los escolares y de ellos el 50-75% mantiene esa forma de ser en la edad adulta. De naturaleza congénita, su expresión depende de la modulación del medio ambiente. La importancia del TDAH radica en los problemas de salud, con su repercusión social, derivados de un manejo inadecuado de los síntomas. Son individuos propensos al fracaso escolar, laboral y social, lo cual aumenta la probabilidad de conductas desadaptativas, accidentes, consumo de drogas y trastornos psiquiátricos. Así mismo, un TDAH bien canalizado puede ser un elemento de progreso social y laboral, por su alto nivel de trabajo y facilidad en la ejecución de ideas. Los expertos aconsejan el diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoz como prevención primaria de la morbilidad, y son los centros de salud el primer eslabón sanitario. El tratamiento es sintomático, de elección con metilfenidato, en el contexto de una asistencia interdisciplinar médica, farmacológica, psicológica y pedagógica. Esta situación requiere la sensibilización y formación de sanitarios, profesores, familiares, así como del propio interesado con TDAH


Attention deficit hyperactivity and impulsivity disorder(ADHD) is a difficulty that affects 3-7% of school children, and 50-75% of them continue with problems in adulthood. Its nature is congenital and its expression depends on the modulation of environmental factors. The importance of this disorder arises from the health problems and its social repercussion caused by inadequate handling of the symptoms. These persons are prone to school, work and social failure, this increasing the likelihood of desadaptative behavior, accidents, drugs abuse and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, a person with a well-channeled ADHD can be an element of social and work progress, due to the high level of work ease of developing and executing ideas. Experts recommend providing diagnosis and early treatment as primary prevention of morbidity. Presently, the healthcare sites would be the first health care link. Treatment is symptomatic, this being of choice with methylphenidate, in the context of an interdisciplinary medical, pharmacological, psychological and pedagogical care. This situation makes it necessary to make health care staff, teachers, family and the patient with ADHD aware of the problem and to provide them training in this regards. y=5


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Social Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Diagnosis, Differential , Underachievement
16.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(10): 544-548, dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63825

ABSTRACT

La sospecha de lesión raquídea, con posibilidad de lesión neurológica, es electiva en el paciente traumatizado. Esta situación requiere un abordaje del soporte vital como si tal lesión existiera, desde el mismo lugar del accidente y hasta su diagnóstico definitivo, especialmente si el paciente está inconsciente o presenta traumatismo cervical o torácico. Es fácil que las lesiones de columna pasen desapercibidas en los momentos iniciales, incluso en el ámbito hospitalario, incrementando la probabilidad de morbilidad asociada. El abordaje del paciente politraumatizado requiere una sucesión coordinada de intervenciones sanitarias, primero por parte de los equipos de Atención Primaria y/o de los de urgencias, y finalmente de los del hospital. El objetivo para los primeros es la prevención y, cuando ocurre el siniestro es mantener el soporte vital, la inmovilización espinal y el manejo del shock hasta la transferencia hospitalaria. Sin embargo, el objetivo en el hospital, además de continuar con los cuidados, es realizar el diagnóstico de certeza y su tratamiento definitivo, siendo una indicación de cirugía de emergencia las fracturas con lesión medular incompleta y/o déficit neurológico progresivo. La perspectiva del trabajo de cada uno de estos equipos es diferente y complementaria, de ahí la importancia de trabajar juntos con mentalidad interdisciplinar


Suspected spinal injuries, together with the possibility of a neurological injury, is elective in trauma patients. This is a condition that requires a life support approach with the supposition that such an injury exists from the moment when the accident occurs until final treatment is decided, especially if the patient is unconscious or has cervical or thorax traumatism. These spine injuries are often overlooked at the beginning, even in the hospital, increasing the likelihood of associated morbidity. The approach to multiple trauma patients requires a coordinated chain of health care interventions, the first one by the primary heath care and/or emergency teams, and finally by the hospital. The aim of the first group is prevention and the after the accident occurs to maintain life support, spinal immobilization and the handling of the shock until the patient is transferred to the hospital. However, in addition to maintaining care, the aim is to make an accurate diagnosis and ascertain the kind of injuries and their treatment. Emergency surgery is indicated in fractures with partial medullar injury and/or progressive neurological imbalance. The work perspective for each one of these teams is different but complementary which is why a multidisciplinary mentality is needed when working together


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinal Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Injuries/therapy , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Transportation of Patients/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Shock, Traumatic/diagnosis
17.
Nutr. hosp ; 22(6): 695-701, nov.-dic. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68057

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las aversiones y preferencias alimentarias de los adolescentes, de 14 a 18 años de edad, escolarizados en Santander y analizar los cambios ocurridos en las mismas en la última década. Sujetos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, analizando una muestra de 1.134: 549 varones (48,4%, IC-95%:45,5% a 51,3%) y 585 mujeres (51,6%, IC-95%: 48,7%a 54,5%), de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18años, escolarizados en siete centros de enseñanza secundaria de Santander, mediante un cuestionario. Resultados: Las verduras y hortalizas (54,7%) y las legumbres (18,7%) constituyen las principales aversiones alimentarias de los adolescentes. Por otro lado, los cereales (53,3%) y la carne (14,6%) son los grupos de alimentos preferidos. Las lentejas, la lechuga, la fresa, el agua y la pasta en general fueron los alimentos más valorados dentro de sus respectivos grupos de alimentos y bebidas. Conclusión: Las aversiones y preferencias alimentarias de los adolescentes santanderinos son, en líneas generales, bastante similares a las observadas en otros estudios, y no han sufrido cambios sustanciales a lo largo de la última década. Los datos obtenidos pueden ser útiles para observar las futuras tendencias sobre preferencias alimentarias, que conjuntamente con otros parámetros permitan caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario de nuestros adolescentes


Objective: To describe the nutritional aversions and preferences of 14-18 years old adolescents schooled at Santander and analyze the changes taking place within the last decade. Subjects: A cross-sectional study was carried out analyzing a sample of 1134 adolescents: 549 males(48.4%, 95% CI: 45.5%-5.3%) and 585 females (5.6%,95% CI: 48.7%-54.5%), ages comprised between 14 and18 years, and schooled at centers of secondary educational level from Santander, by means of a questionnaire. Results: vegetables (54.7%) and legumes (18.7%) represent the main nutritional aversions of adolescents. On the other hand, grains (53.3%) and meats (14.6%) are the preferred foods. Lentils, lettuce, strawberry, water, and pasta generally were the best-valued foods within the groups of foods and drinks to which they belong. Conclusion: nutritional aversions and preferences of adolescents from Santander generally are very similar to those observed in other studies and we have not observed important changes within the last decade. The data obtained may be useful to observe future trends on nutritional preferences that, together with other parameters, may help characterized the nutritional behavior of our adolescents


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Food Preferences , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Adolescent Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vegetables , Food and Nutritional Health Promotion
19.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(6): 516-25, 2005 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16324618

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe mass media use in teenagers (television, mobile phones, computers, Internet and video games) and to analyze its influence on teenagers' health and development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study by means of a survey of 884 teenagers aged between 14 and 18 years old who were in the third and fourth years of high school in six towns in Cantabria (Spain) in June 2003. The statistical analysis consisted of uni- and bivariable descriptive statistics. RESULTS: All the teenagers had a television set at home and 24 % of families had four or more television sets. The presence of distinct mass media in teenagers' rooms was 52.5 % for televisions, 57.8 % for computers, 52 % for the Internet and 38.7 % for games consoles. The most frequently found media in teenagers' bedrooms were radio/cassette players and compact disks with 76.8 % and 67.4 %, respectively. Teenagers watched television for an average of 3 hours per day on weekdays and 3.2 hours per day at weekends. They played games consoles for an average of 0.69 hours per day on weekdays (41 min) and an average of 1.09 hours per day (65 min) at weekends and used the Internet on weekdays for an average of 0.83 hours per day (49 min) and an average of 1.15 hours per day (69 min) at weekends. A total of 87.2 % of the teenagers, especially girls, had a mobile phone (91.6 % of girls versus 82.4 % of boys; p < 0.001). The average age at which teenagers had the first mobile phone was 13 years old. Expenditure on mobile phones amounted to 15 3 a month in girls and 10 3 a month in boys, and mobiles were mainly used for sending messages. Nearly half the teenagers (46.4 %) took their mobile phones to high school and reported they had an average of three mobile phones at home. Most (82.1 %) surfed the net but boys preferred surfing and downloading games and girls preferred chatting and sending e-mails. Sixty-two percent of teenagers had been to a cybercafé and 40.8 % has visited a pornographic web site, especially boys (33.1 % of boys versus 7.7 % of girls; p < 0.001). Nearly two-thirds of teenagers (71.5 %) had a video console, especially boys (87 % of boys versus 57.2 % of girls; p < 0.001) and they started playing with them at an average age of 8.8 years. Boys preferred video games with shooting, fights, sports and driving, while girls preferred adventure video games. Nearly a quarter (22.2 %) spent money on video games and cybercafés (an average of 27.06 3 a month in boys and 16.81 3 a month in girls) with no significant differences between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Society as a whole and especially health professionals should increase health education on mass media consumption, by stimulating reasonable use of mass media and teaching teenagers to be critical. Parents should set a limit of less than 2 hours/day to the use of mass media and should avoid their presence in teenagers' bedrooms. Prepay mobile phone should be used and switched off in inappropriate places. Parents should supervise and educate teenagers about video games, Internet access and e-mail usage in adolescence.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Mass Media/statistics & numerical data , Telecommunications/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adolescent Development , Cell Phone/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Internet/statistics & numerical data , Male , Spain/epidemiology , Video Games/statistics & numerical data
20.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(6): 516-525, dic. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043142

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Describir la utilización de distintos medios de comunicación en los adolescentes (televisión, móvil, ordenador, internet y videojuegos) y analizar la influencia en su salud y desarrollo. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado mediante la cumplimentación de una encuesta por parte de 884 adolescentes de 14 a 18 años de Cantabria, que cursaban 3.º y 4.º de ESO en los institutos pertenecientes a seis poblaciones de Cantabria en junio de 2003. El análisis estadístico consistió en una estadística descriptiva univariable y bivariable. Resultados: Todos los adolescentes tenían televisor en su domicilio, y el 24 % de las familias, cuatro o más. La presencia de los distintos medios de comunicación en la habitación del adolescente fue del 52,5 % para la TV, el 57,8 % para el ordenador, el 52 % para el internet y el 38,7 % para la videoconsola. El radiocasete y el reproductor de CD son los más presentes en el dormitorio, con el 76,8 y el 67,4 %, respectivamente. Los adolescentes ven una media de 3 h/día de televisión entre semana y 3,2 h/día el fin de semana; usan la videoconsola entre semana una media de 0,69 h/día (41 min), y una media de 1,09 h/día (65 min) el fin de semana. En el caso de internet entre semana, lo utilizan una media de 0,83 h/día (49 min), y una media de 1,15 h/día (69 min) el fin de semana. El 87,2 % de los adolescentes tienen móvil, y son las mujeres adolescentes las que más disponen del mismo (91,6 % frente al 82,4 %; p < 0,001); la media de edad para tener el primer móvil es de 13 años. El gasto en teléfono móvil es de 15 3/mes en las mujeres y 10 3/mes en los varones, y lo utilizan sobre todo para enviar mensajes. El 46,4 % de los adolescentes llevan móvil al instituto y refieren que hay una media de tres móviles por familia. El 82,1 % de los adolescentes navega solo en internet y de forma significativa los varones prefieren navegar y descargarse juegos de la red, mientras que las mujeres chatean y envían más correos electrónicos. El 62 % de los adolescentes han acudido a una ciberteca, y el 40,8 % ha visitado una página pornográfica en internet, aunque son los varones los que más las visitan (33,1 % de varones frente al 7,7 % de mujeres; p < 000,1). El 71,5 % de los adolescentes tienen videoconsola, y son los varones los que más la usan (87 % frente al 57,2 % de las mujeres; p < 0,001), y juegan desde una media de edad de 8,8 años. Los videojuegos de disparos y lucha, deporte y conducción son preferidos de manera significativa por los varones, mientras que las chicas adolescentes eligen los videojuegos de aventuras. El 22,2 % de los adolescentes tienen un gasto en videojuegos, incluyendo cibersalas, de 27,06 3/mes los varones y de 16,81 3/mes las mujeres, sin diferencias significativas por sexo. Conclusiones: La sociedad en general y los profesionales sanitarios en particular deben realizar una mayor educación sanitaria respecto al consumo de los diferentes medios de comunicación, estimulando una utilización racional de los mismos, y enseñándoles a ser críticos. Los padres deben limitar el consumo acumulativo de los distintos medios de comunicación a menos de 2 h diarias, evitar su presencia en las habitaciones de los adolescentes, utilizar móviles de tarjeta prepago, con desconexión del aparato en lugares que resulten inapropiados, supervisar y orientar sobre el contenido de los videojuegos, las páginas de acceso a internet y el uso del correo electrónico entre los adolescentes


Objectives: To describe mass media use in teenagers (television, mobile phones, computers, Internet and video games) and to analyze its influence on teenagers' health and development. Material and methods: We performed a cross sectional study by means of a survey of 884 teenagers aged between 14 and 18 years old who were in the third and fourth years of high school in six towns in Cantabria (Spain) in June 2003. The statistical analysis consisted of uni- and bivariable descriptive statistics. Results: All the teenagers had a television set at home and 24 % of families had four or more television sets. The presence of distinct mass media in teenagers' rooms was 52.5 % for televisions, 57.8 % for computers, 52 % for the Internet and 38.7 % for games consoles. The most frequently found media in teenagers' bedrooms were radio/cassette players and compact disks with 76.8 % and 67.4 %, respectively. Teenagers watched television for an average of 3 hours per day on weekdays and 3.2 hours per day at weekends. They played games consoles for an average of 0.69 hours per day on weekdays (41 min) and an average of 1.09 hours per day (65 min) at weekends and used the Internet on weekdays for an average of 0.83 hours per day (49 min) and an average of 1.15 hours per day (69 min) at weekends. A total of 87.2 % of the teenagers, especially girls, had a mobile phone (91.6 % of girls versus 82.4 % of boys; p < 0.001). The average age at which teenagers had the first mobile phone was 13 years old. Expenditure on mobile phones amounted to 15 3 a month in girls and 10 3 a month in boys, and mobiles were mainly used for sending messages. Nearly half the teenagers (46.4 %) took their mobile phones to high school and reported they had an average of three mobile phones at home. Most (82.1 %) surfed the net but boys preferred surfing and downloading games and girls preferred chatting and sending e-mails. Sixty-two percent of teenagers had been to a cybercafé and 40.8 % has visited a pornographic web site, especially boys (33.1 % of boys versus 7.7 % of girls; p < 0.001). Nearly two-thirds of teenagers (71.5 %) had a video console, especially boys (87 % of boys versus 57.2 % of girls; p < 0.001) and they started playing with them at an average age of 8.8 years. Boys preferred video games with shooting, fights, sports and driving, while girls preferred adventure video games. Nearly a quarter (22.2 %) spent money on video games and cybercafés (an average of 27.06 3 a month in boys and 16.81 3 a month in girls) with no significant differences between sexes. Conclusions: Society as a whole and especially health professionals should increase health education on mass media consumption, by stimulating reasonable use of mass media and teaching teenagers to be critical. Parents should set a limit of less than 2 hours/day to the use of mass media and should avoid their presence in teenagers' bedrooms. Prepay mobile phone should be used and switched off in inappropriate places. Parents should supervise and educate teenagers about video games, Internet access and e-mail usage in adolescence


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Adolescent Behavior , Communications Media , Telecommunications , Cell Phone , Cross-Sectional Studies , Internet , Spain/epidemiology , Video Games/statistics & numerical data
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