Manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas a la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 / Skin manifestations associated with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease

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¿Es inocua la ortopedia dentofacial? / Is dentofacial orthopedics harmless?

El enfisema subcutáneo es el proceso por el cual el aire penetra en el espacio subcutáneo, produciendo distensión de las partes blandas. Puede ser de origen traumático, iatrogénico o producirse de forma espontánea. Es infrecuente su aparición tras procedimientos dentales y no ha sido descrito asociado a la ortopedia dentofacial. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con enfisema subcutáneo tras un traumatismo por un aparato de avance mandibular tipo Herbst

Subcutaneous emphysema is the condition in which air penetrate the subcutaneous space causing soft-tissue distention. It may be traumatic, iatrogenic or may occur spontaneously. Its appearance is rare after dental procedures and has not been reported associated to dentofacial orthopedics. We report the case of a patient who developed subcutaneous emphysema after a trauma from a Herbst-type mandibular advancement appliance

Exantema palmar por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 / Palmar rash for the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

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Gender differences in the utilization of health-care services among the older adult population of Spain.

BACKGROUND: Compared to men, women report greater morbidity and make greater use of health-care services. This study examines potential determinants of gender differences in the utilization of health-care services among the elderly. METHODS: Cross-sectional study covering 3030 subjects, representative of the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged 60 years and over. Potential determinants of gender differences in the utilization of health services were classified into predisposing factors (age and head-of-family status), need factors (lifestyles, chronic diseases, functional status, cognitive deficit and health-related quality of life (HRQL)) and enabling factors (educational level, marital status, head-of-family employment status and social network). Relative differences in the use of each service between women and men were summarized using odds ratios (OR), obtained from logistic regression. The contribution of the variables of interest to the gender differences in the use of such services was evaluated by comparing the OR before and after adjustment for such variables. RESULTS: As compared to men, a higher percentage of women visited a medical practitioner (OR: 1.24; 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.07-1.44), received home medical visits (OR: 1.67; 95% CL: 1.34-2.10) and took > or = 3 medications (OR: 1.54; 95% CL: 1.34-1.79), but there were no gender differences in hospital admission or influenza vaccination. Adjustment for need or enabling factors led to a reduction in the OR of women compared to men for utilization of a number of services studied. On adjusting for the number of chronic diseases, the OR (95% CL) of women versus men for ingestion of > or = 3 medications was 1.24 (1.06-1.45). After adjustment for HRQL, the OR was 1.03 (0.89-1.21) for visits to medical practitioners, 1.24 (0.98-1.58) for home medical visits, 0.71 (0.58-0.87) for hospitalization, and 1.14 (0.97-1.33) for intake of > or = 3 medications. After adjustment for the number of chronic diseases and HRQL, the OR of hospitalization among women versus men was 0.68 (0.56-0.84). CONCLUSION: The factors that best explain the greater utilization of health-care services by elderly women versus men are the number of chronic diseases and HRQL. For equal need, certain inequality was observed in hospital admission, in that it proved less frequent among women.

[Relationship between social network and hypertension in older people in Spain]. / Relación entre la red social y la hipertensión arterial en los ancianos españoles.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between a patient's social network and hypertension risk in older adults in Spain and to determine whether the nature of the social network is related to a patient's awareness of hypertension, to disease treatment and control, or to adherence to hypertension drug therapy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 3483 subjects representative of the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged 60 years or more. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, educational level, lifestyle and frequency of medical consultation, was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) for associations between characteristics of the social network (e.g., marital status, cohabitation status, frequency of contact with family members, and frequency of contact with friends and neighbors) and aspects of hypertension. RESULTS: The hypertension risk in married individuals and those living with others was less than in those who were unmarried (OR=0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.94) or who lived alone (OR=0,75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93). Men who saw their friends frequently were more likely to be aware of hypertension (OR=1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07). Women who saw their friends or neighbors frequently were less likely to be aware (OR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.97). No clear relationship between social network characteristics and other hypertension-related variables was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, hypertension was associated with aspects of social integration, such as marital and cohabitation status. Among hypertensives, awareness of hypertension was partly related to the frequency of contact with family and friends or neighbors.

Relación entre la red social y la hipertensión arterial en los ancianos españoles / Relationship between social network and hypertension in older people in Spain

Introducción y objetivos. Examinar la asociación de la red social con la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y analizar si la red social está relacionada con el conocimiento del estado hipertensivo, el tratamiento y el control de la presión arterial (PA), y el cumplimiento terapéutico en los ancianos españoles.Pacientes y método. Estudio transversal realizado en 3.483 sujetos representativos de la población española no institucionalizada ≥ 60 años. La asociación de las variables de red social (estado marital, situación de convivencia, frecuentación de familiares y frecuentación de amigos o vecinos) con los distintos aspectos de la HTA se resumió con las odds ratio (OR) obtenidas mediante regresión logística, ajustadas por sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, estilos de vida y frecuencia de consulta médica.Resultados. Los individuos casados y los que vivían acompañados presentaron HTA con menos frecuencia que los no casados (OR = 0,79; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, 0,67-0,94) y los que vivían solos (OR = 0,75; IC del 95%, 0,61-0,93). La probabilidad de conocer el estado hipertensivo fue mayor en los varones que veían a sus familiares con mayor frecuencia (OR = 1,57; IC del 95%, 1,19-2,07) y menor en las mujeres que veían a amigos o vecinos con mayor frecuencia (OR = 0,70; IC del 95%, 0,51-0,97). No se observó una asociación clara entre la red social y el resto de variables relacionadas con la HTA.Conclusiones. En los ancianos, la HTA se asocia con algunas variables de integración social, como el estado civil y la situación de convivencia. Entre los hipertensos, el conocimiento del estado hipertensivo depende en parte de la frecuentación de familiares y amigos o vecinos

Introduction and objectives. To investigate the association between a patient's social network and hypertension risk in older adults in Spain and to determine whether the nature of the social network is related to a patient's awareness of hypertension, to disease treatment and control, or to adherence to hypertension drug therapy.Patients and method. Cross-sectional study of 3483 subjects representative of the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged 60 years or more. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, educational level, lifestyle and frequency of medical consultation, was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) for associations between characteristics of the social network (e.g., marital status, cohabitation status, frequency of contact with family members, and frequency of contact with friends and neighbors) and aspects of hypertension.Results. The hypertension risk in married individuals and those living with others was less than in those who were unmarried (OR=0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.94) or who lived alone (OR=0,75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93). Men who saw their friends frequently were more likely to be aware of hypertension (OR=1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07). Women who saw their friends or neighbors frequently were less likely to be aware (OR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.97). No clear relationship between social network characteristics and other hypertension-related variables was observed.Conclusions. In older adults, hypertension was associated with aspects of social integration, such as marital and cohabitation status. Among hypertensives, awareness of hypertension was partly related to the frequency of contact with family and friends or neighbors