ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This exploratory study investigated the infant time spent in tummy time (TT) in relation to body mass index z score (BMI-z), weight gain, and motor development in infants from birth to 4 months. METHOD: Mothers and their infants were telephone surveyed at 2 and 4 months. Mother demographics; TT; feeding practices; and infant length, and height, and development were collected each time. RESULTS: Results from Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel and single logistic regression showed a significant association between development, level of BMI-z, and time spent in TT at 2 months of age (p < .0001). The threshold model showed there was a decline in BMI-z at 4 months as daily time in TT increases past the threshold value of approximately 12 minutes per day. Mother education and TT at 2 months were significant predictors of BMI-z at 4 months. DISCUSSION: Study outcomes suggest that infant positioning and time in TT promote infant motor development and may moderate rapid infant weight gain.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Prone Position/physiology , Weight Gain/physiology , Adult , Body Mass Index , Educational Status , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mothers/education , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This exploratory study aimed to discern parental understanding and behaviors, provider practices, and available online information related to infant positioning including "Back to Sleep" and "Tummy Time" (TT) during early infancy. METHOD: The study employed three methods of exploration: surveys of 119 mothers of newborns, a focus group of nine health care providers, and an analysis of popular parental Web sites. RESULTS: Ninety percent of the mothers reported receiving information about positioning the infant while asleep. However, only 55% mothers postpartum and 26% at 2 months after birth received information regarding infant positioning during awake time. Providers reported barriers such as lack of time and confusing guidelines to TT education. Parenting Web sites were inconsistent regarding TT initiation and duration information. DISCUSSION: Study outcomes suggest that, with the implementation of "Back to Sleep" guidelines, there has been a need for parental education about positioning infants during sleep and awake times.
Subject(s)
Mothers , Sleep , Female , Focus Groups , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Parents/educationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine how two groups (parents and healthcare providers) perceive asthma in Southeast (SE) Asian children in the United States, and to address issues of access to asthma care. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using Kleinman's Explanatory Models (EM) approach, semistructured interviews were used with 12 families and 26 providers. Families were interviewed in a clinic setting. Providers read a case example of a SE Asian child with asthma and were asked to anticipate the case family's EM of asthma. Data were analyzed using template analytic technique in which segments were clustered into etiology, causation, treatments, asthma impact, and access to asthma care. RESULTS: Families predominately followed current asthma practice guidelines, whereas providers believed that SE Asian families primarily followed cultural practices. Families described the severity and impact of asthma as more intense than the providers described the same items. While families identified barriers to care as difficulty getting appointments and unavailable providers, providers viewed family barriers to be predominately culturally based. Both groups noted the need for education and frequent healthcare visits as facilitators to care. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that important differences may exist between the way providers and SE Asian families perceive childhood asthma. Nurses are encouraged to ask the families in their care how they explain their children's asthma, thus facilitating more culturally competent care and increased ability to meet the family's needs. Implications for policy change relative to improving access to care to immigrant groups are also suggested.
Subject(s)
Asian/psychology , Asthma/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Health Services Accessibility , Parents/psychology , Acculturation , Asia, Southeastern/ethnology , Asthma/prevention & control , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Needs Assessment , Parents/education , Patient Compliance , Perception , Primary Health Care/standardsABSTRACT
The perimenopausal experience varies among different ethnic and cultural groups. This research examined perimenopausal health self-efficacy of Latinas and non-Hispanic White women and variables that predicted health in 147 women ages 40 to 60 in the Northeast United States. Self-efficacy scores were similar for both groups. Latinas scored lower, however, in the Cognition/Decision Making subscale of the Perimenopausal Health Self-Efficacy Survey (PHS-ES). Perceived health was predicted by control over health and stress for both, and greater self-efficacy was associated with higher perceptions of health. Subtle differences existed between the two groups, which may reflect cultural beliefs and barriers to care during midlife.
