ABSTRACT
Background: Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the pelvis and renal calyxes due to post-renal obstruction. The obstruction is often associated with extraluminal masses, blood clots and ureter ligation in castration procedures. Ureter ligation is reported as a malpractice. The renal function is reestablished if ligation is rapidly undone, but not for obstructions longer than four weeks. Often, clinical signs are results from months to years after the castration, when nephrectomy is the best therapeutic option. This paper aims to report a case of asymptomatic unilateral hydronephrosis in a 10-year-old dog caused by chronic ureter occlusion with Nylon 3.0 suture during an elective procedure. Case: A 10-year-old female pinscher dog, spayed 3 years ago was admitted at the Surgery Department of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (HV-UFJ). The animal was taken for periodontal treatment. In the physical and laboratory examination (complete blood count, hepatic and renal biochemical tests) no significant and noteworthy alterations were found. Ultrasonographic examination showed no changes in the topography and echotexture of the left kidney, however the right kidney was not visualized, with an anechoic structure suggestive of advanced and severe hydronephrosis. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy was proposed to identify the observed structure, with the periodontal treatment considered for a later time. So, a retroumbilical incision was made, followed by linea alba and the removal of simple isolated suture remaining from previous surgical procedure. In the cavity, the viscera were isolated and the left kidney was identified, observing preserved anatomy. On the other hand, the right kidney had altered topography and morphology, being exposed after release of adhesions in adjacent structures. The right renal artery and vein were dissected and a double ligature was made. Then, the right ureter was dissected, observing marked dilatation in the proximal portion and the presence of local ligation with Nylon 3.0. Right ureterectomy and right nephrectomy were performed. After nephrectomy, the capsule was ruptured, observing dark fluid in it and absence of tissue compatible with renal parenchyma. The material was preserved in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology revealed risk of rupture of the renal capsule due to the advance of renal degeneration and complete absence of parenchyma. However, contrary to the severity of the histopathological, surgical and ultrasonographic findings, the patient did not present clinical signs at the time of diagnosis. Discussion: In the intraoperative evaluation, the cause of the hydronephrosis was verified to be in fact the ligation of the ureter, which may have been accidental or due to the malpractice of the veterinarian surgeon. Other possible causes such as adhesions and granulomas were ruled out because the Nylon 3.0 suture was found in the proximal portion of the right ureter. It is believed that the patient may have presented clinical signs of hydronephrosis that may have been confused by the tutors as postoperative complications, changes that if identified and performed in time, could have avoided the occurrence or worsening of hydronephrosis and subsequent nephrectomy. Clinically, the bitch did not show clinical signs presented in the literature as consistent with hydronephrosis such as polyuria, polydipsia, abdominalgia, external fistula and anorexia. Therefore, it is believed that this case is one of the first reports of the occurrence of severe hydronephrosis without typical clinical manifestations of hydronephrosis. This fact raises a warning about the thorough monitoring in the postoperative period by owners and veterinarians, in addition to highlighting concerns regarding the occurrence of medical malpractice versus surgical accidents.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Ureteral Obstruction/veterinary , Medical Errors/veterinary , Hydronephrosis/surgery , Hydronephrosis/veterinary , Kidney/surgery , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Salpingectomy/veterinary , Hysterectomy/veterinary , Malpractice , Nephrectomy/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: The frequency of oncological diseases in companion animals has increased in recent years, mainly due tothe longer longevity of dogs. The neoplasms are not only open by the presence of the tumor and its location, but also byparaneoplastic syndromes, which are disorders that occur due to the production of substances by the tumor that cause.In addition to causing local changes and damages, oncological diseases may also result in injuries at distant sites, suchas paraneoplastic syndromes, which, if untreated, may result in death of animals. The present study aimed to investigatewhether female dogs with mammary tumors demonstrate electrocardiographic changes, and if so, to investigate whetherthese cease after removal of the tumor, and to relate the type of tumor with the occurrence of arrhythmias.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs, aged between 4 and 14 years, underwent electrocardiogram 24 hprior to undergoing a total unilateral mastectomy. After removal of the tumor, electrocardiograms were again performed 24(M24), 48 (M48), and 72 (M72), as well as 14 days (M14d) after surgery. Histological analysis of the neoplasms showedthat 55% of the tumors were benign, with predominance of adenoma (38%), and 45% were malignant, with predominanceof adenocarcinoma (22%). The following rhythms and arrhythmias were observed: normal sinus rhythm (37.2%), sinusarrhythmia (62.8%), wandering pacemaker (26%), 1st degree atrioventricular block (AVB; 5%), premature ventricularcomplex (PVC; 10%), and T-wave > 25% of R-wave (25%); more than one change could occur simultaneously. Out of theevaluated electrocardiographic parameters, a significant difference was observed in the QT interval between the followingtimepoints: M24 (204 ± 18), M48 (204 ± 22), and M72 (203 ± 23), as well as Mbasal (192 ± 15) and M14d (178 ± 43).Discussion: Regarding the observed rhythms, arrhythmias, and changes, respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the normal predominant... (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Mastectomy, Simple/veterinary , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/veterinary , Ventricular Premature Complexes/veterinary , Mammary Neoplasms, AnimalABSTRACT
Background: The frequency of oncological diseases in companion animals has increased in recent years, mainly due tothe longer longevity of dogs. The neoplasms are not only open by the presence of the tumor and its location, but also byparaneoplastic syndromes, which are disorders that occur due to the production of substances by the tumor that cause.In addition to causing local changes and damages, oncological diseases may also result in injuries at distant sites, suchas paraneoplastic syndromes, which, if untreated, may result in death of animals. The present study aimed to investigatewhether female dogs with mammary tumors demonstrate electrocardiographic changes, and if so, to investigate whetherthese cease after removal of the tumor, and to relate the type of tumor with the occurrence of arrhythmias.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs, aged between 4 and 14 years, underwent electrocardiogram 24 hprior to undergoing a total unilateral mastectomy. After removal of the tumor, electrocardiograms were again performed 24(M24), 48 (M48), and 72 (M72), as well as 14 days (M14d) after surgery. Histological analysis of the neoplasms showedthat 55% of the tumors were benign, with predominance of adenoma (38%), and 45% were malignant, with predominanceof adenocarcinoma (22%). The following rhythms and arrhythmias were observed: normal sinus rhythm (37.2%), sinusarrhythmia (62.8%), wandering pacemaker (26%), 1st degree atrioventricular block (AVB; 5%), premature ventricularcomplex (PVC; 10%), and T-wave > 25% of R-wave (25%); more than one change could occur simultaneously. Out of theevaluated electrocardiographic parameters, a significant difference was observed in the QT interval between the followingtimepoints: M24 (204 ± 18), M48 (204 ± 22), and M72 (203 ± 23), as well as Mbasal (192 ± 15) and M14d (178 ± 43).Discussion: Regarding the observed rhythms, arrhythmias, and changes, respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the normal predominant...
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Dogs , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/veterinary , Ventricular Premature Complexes/veterinary , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Mastectomy, Simple/veterinary , Mammary Neoplasms, AnimalABSTRACT
Background: Dioctophyma renale is a giant worm, nematode parasite, which infest dogs, rarely humans or other domestic and wild species. The life cycle is complex and infestation occurs by ingestion of aquatic oligochaete (annelid), fish and frogs. This nematode normally installs in the right kidney of dog, however, there are reports of ectopic migration, such as, for example, in the stomach, abdominal cavity, liver, bladder, ureters, urethra, scrotum, uterus, ovaries, mesenteric lymph nodes, mammary gland, thoracic and pericardial cavity. The aim of this work is to report the location of erratic Dioctophyma renale in the left testicle of a dog. Case: A mongrel dog, about 4 years old, weighing 7.7 kg, rescued from the street after being hit by a car was admitted at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of CAV / UDESC. Clinical examination showed no significant changes, except for the crackling of pelvic bones, suggesting pelvic fracture. Pelvic radiography and abdominal ultrasound were requested, and complete blood count as pre-anesthetic evaluation was performed. The blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift. The patient was referred for pelvic fixation and in the same procedure orchiectomy was performed. The premedication was acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg and morphine 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and [...](AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Testis/parasitology , Leukocytosis/veterinary , Blood Cell Count/veterinary , Orchiectomy/veterinaryABSTRACT
Background: Dioctophyma renale is a giant worm, nematode parasite, which infest dogs, rarely humans or other domestic and wild species. The life cycle is complex and infestation occurs by ingestion of aquatic oligochaete (annelid), fish and frogs. This nematode normally installs in the right kidney of dog, however, there are reports of ectopic migration, such as, for example, in the stomach, abdominal cavity, liver, bladder, ureters, urethra, scrotum, uterus, ovaries, mesenteric lymph nodes, mammary gland, thoracic and pericardial cavity. The aim of this work is to report the location of erratic Dioctophyma renale in the left testicle of a dog. Case: A mongrel dog, about 4 years old, weighing 7.7 kg, rescued from the street after being hit by a car was admitted at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of CAV / UDESC. Clinical examination showed no significant changes, except for the crackling of pelvic bones, suggesting pelvic fracture. Pelvic radiography and abdominal ultrasound were requested, and complete blood count as pre-anesthetic evaluation was performed. The blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift. The patient was referred for pelvic fixation and in the same procedure orchiectomy was performed. The premedication was acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg and morphine 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and [...]