ABSTRACT
The study aims to assess the implementation of tobacco control policies in Mexico from 2003 through 2017 using the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The TCS is a research tool widely used in the European region. It facilitates assessment of tobacco control policy implementation based on six cost-effective interventions: tobacco taxes, smoke-free policies, advertising bans, public spending on the information campaign, health warnings, and smoking cessation treatment, reflecting results in a total score between 0 and 100. From 2003 through 2017, Mexico's total score improved from 24/100 to 55/100, with substantial progress in raising tobacco taxes, 11 subnational smoke-free laws, and with placement on cigarette packs of large health warnings with pictograms. Progress in tobacco control policies implemented in this period corresponds with a decrease in smoking prevalence across Mexico. This tool is useful for monitoring tobacco policy implementation in low- and middle-income countries and be used for advocacy purposes to enforce and improve tobacco control legislation.
Subject(s)
Nicotiana , Tobacco Products , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology , Health Policy , Taxes , Smoking PreventionABSTRACT
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de los estudiosepidemiológicos sobre la influencia de la situaciónlaboral y el tipo de ocupación materna en elnacimiento de niños con bajo peso y pretérmino.Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsquedabibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline yEMBASE. Los artículos seleccionados se clasificaronsiguiendo un protocolo que recogía lascaracterísticas de los estudios, la situación laboralmaterna, el tipo de ocupación y el resultado delembarazo.Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 artículos en los quemayoritariamente no se observan diferenciassignificativas entre las amas de casa y las empleadasen ninguno de los 2 efectos. En las investigacionesen las que se evalúa el tipo de ocupación, seobserva un mayor riesgo entre las embarazadas quetrabajan en el sector servicios y manual.Conclusiones: Las evidencias encontradas apuntana la necesidad de protección en el embarazo a lastrabajadoras de estos sectores
Objectives: To review epidemiological studies onthe association between maternal employment andtype of occupation and neonatal prematurity andlow birth weight.Material and methods: We performed a literaturesearch in the Medline and EMBASE databases. Thearticles selected were classified according to aprotocol that included the studys characteristics,maternal employment, type of occupation, andreproductive outcome.Results: Twenty-one articles were included. Mostof these articles found no differences in neonatalprematurity or low birth weight between workingwomen and housewives. A higher risk ofprematurity and low birth weight was found inwomen working in manual occupations and theservice sector.Conclusions: The evidence found suggests theneed to protect working women during pregnancy,especially those working in the two abovementionedsectors
