Representative Scale-Down Lyophilization Cycle Development Using a Seven-Vial Freeze-Dryer (MicroFD®).

We have implemented the use of a small-scale, 7-vial Micro Freeze Dryer (MicroFD®; Millrock Technology, Inc.) that has the capability to accurately control heat transfer during lyophilization. We demonstrate the ability to fine-tune the MicroFD® vial heat transfer coefficient (Kv) to match the Kv of vials in a LyoStar III laboratory-scale unit. When the MicroFD® is run under conditions that match the Kv of the LyoStar III, the resulting lyophilization performance between scales results in equivalent product temperature profiles and critical quality attributes for the same drying process. The proposed workflow demonstrates how exploitation of Kv control in the MicroFD® enables cycle development of at-scale lyophilization processes using only 7 product vials. By changing the MicroFD®Kv, laboratory and, potentially, manufacturing cycles may be simulated using only 7 product vials for tremendous active pharmaceutical ingredient savings, as long as at-scale heat transfer coefficients are well characterized.

Eliminating Piezoresistivity in Flexible Conducting Polymers for Accurate Temperature Sensing under Dynamic Mechanical Deformations.

The polarity and the magnitude of polyaniline's gauge factor are tuned through structural modification. Combining conducting polymers with gauge factors of opposite polarities yields an accurate temperature sensor, even when deployed under dynamic strains.