ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Heavier than water tamponades offer the possibility to support the inferior part of the fundus after retinal detachment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcome of complicated retinal detachment treated with vitreous surgery and heavy silicone oil (HSO) tamponade. Surgery was performed in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) predominantly in the lower hemisphere or with penetrating injury (either as primary intervention or after development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy [PVR]). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one eyes of 61 patients with RD - mostly complicated by PVR - and a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included in this study. Vitreoretinal surgery with HSO (Oxane HD) tamponade was performed in all patients. In 52 patients, heavy silicone oil was used in the management of complicated RD. 9 patients had surgery for complicated RD after penetrating eye injury.The mean follow-up period was 30.3 +/- 10.2 months. RESULTS: The overall final anatomic success rate was 79 %. In 39 % of the cases the retina remained attached during the entire follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomic success rate after surgery with HSO (Oxane HD) was relatively low; however, only complex cases bearing a higher risk of retinal re-detachment received HSO in this study. Oxane HD does not appear to have major advantages compared to conventional silicone oil or other new-generation heavy silicone oils in these cases.
Subject(s)
Retinal Detachment/therapy , Silicone Oils/therapeutic use , Vitrectomy/methods , Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/prevention & control , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmoscopy , Retinal Detachment/complications , Retrospective Studies , Specific Gravity , Treatment Outcome , Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/etiologyABSTRACT
Screening of two rat liver cDNA libraries, one of which was constructed using an alpha 1-inhibitor 3 (alpha 1-13) specific primer, yielded overlapping cDNA clones which correspond to the full length cDNA for alpha 1-13 mRNA. On the basis of sequence microheterogeneity existing throughout the cDNA sequence we identified two alpha 1-13 mRNA species whose sequences are so grossly different in their bait regions that the amino acid homology therein is only 30%. Using oligonucleotide probes derived from their respective bait regions we investigated the regulation of the two alpha 1 I3 mRNA species and demonstrated that only one of them, alpha 1-I3 variant I, is regulated pretranslationally following experimentally induced inflammation.
Subject(s)
Acute-Phase Proteins/genetics , Protease Inhibitors , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Blotting, Northern , Cloning, Molecular , DNA/genetics , Gene Expression , Genes , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Restriction MappingABSTRACT
Yarrowia lipolytica, like other lower fungi, has a fatty acid synthetase complex (FAS) with an alpha 6 beta 6 molecular structure. Both subunits are multifunctional proteins each with a molecular weight of more then 200,000 daltons. A collection of FAS-deficient) Y. lipolytica mutants was isolated and characterized by both genetic complementation and enzyme activity measurements. It was found that the three acyl transferases (acetyl-, malonyl- and palmityl-transacylation) together with the enoyl reductase domain are located on subunit beta and, therefore, are encoded by the gene locus FAS1. beta-Ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase and acyl carrier protein functions are part of the FAS2-encoded subunit alpha. Thus, the functional organization of FAS1 and FAS2 is identical in both yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. Nevertheless, the two yeasts differ significantly with respect to the intragenic complementation characteristics of fas1 and fas2 mutants. This finding is discussed in terms of a specific inter- or intramolecular reaction mechanism within the oligomeric FAS complex. The pentafunctional Y. lipolytica FAS1 gene was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library using polyclonal antisera against the purified FAS complex. At present, sequencing of FAS1, which is more than 5 kilobases long, is almost completed. Available data indicate approx. 60 percent sequence homology together with an identical order of catalytic domains within subunit beta of the two yeasts, Y. lipolytica and S. cerevisiae.