ABSTRACT
La evolución y transformación de la especialidad de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular en los últimos 20 años hacia modos mínimamente invasivos, materializados en la cirugía endovascular, ha constituido un punto de inflexión en el aprendizaje de las técnicas y procedimientos quirúrgicos vasculares. El uso de modelos animales para la adquisición de las habilidades y destreza quirúrgica necesarias para la realización de cirugía endovascular representa la culminación en el aprendizaje de la misma como paso previo necesario y exigible para su ejecución en el humano. En este artículo se describe el contenido y evolución de los cursos de cirugía endovascular en modelos animales, como reflejo de la evolución de la especialidad a lo largo de los últimos 15 años
The evolution and transformation of the Angiology and Vascular Surgery specialty in the last 20 years to minimally invasive methods, materialised in endovascular surgery, has been a turning point in the training in vascular surgery techniques and procedures. The use of animal models to acquire the skills and dexterity needed to perform endovascular surgery is the highpoint in the learning of this technique as a necessary and mandatory prior step to practicing it on humans. The contents and progress of the endovascular surgery courses on animal models are presented in this article, as a reflection of the progress of this speciality over the last 15 years
Subject(s)
Animals , Peripheral Arterial Disease/complications , Peripheral Arterial Disease/pathology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy , Angioplasty/methods , Models, Animal , Swine/surgery , Balanced Anesthesia , Malignant Hyperthermia/etiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Saphenous Vein/surgery , Capnography , Intubation, IntratrachealABSTRACT
Objetivo: El cartílago labral es una estructura cartilaginosa que recubre el acetábulo de la cadera. Su lesión es controvertida en cuanto a sus implicaciones debido a que no se conoce bien si es una causa de degeneración articular o sólo un cambio degenerativo más. Hemos diseñado un modelo animal en conejo para estudiar esta lesión. Material y metodología: Se utilizaron tres grupos de 13 animales a los que se lesionó una cadera dejando la otra como control y se les mantuvo estabulados al primer grupo 12 semanas, al segundo 18 y al tercero 30. Posteriormente se les realizó un estudio radiológico, otro por resonancia magnética y, tras su sacrificio, un estudio histológico. Resultados: No encontramos relación en nuestro modelo entre la lesión labral y los cambios degenerativos posteriores en los plazos citados. Tampoco encontramos daños labrales sin cicatrizar en el momento del sacrificio. Conclusión: En el modelo animal lagomorfo, la lesión labral no produce cambios degenerativos artrósicos y el cartílago labral podría presentar cierta capacidad de regeneración (AU)
Objective: The labrum is a cartilaginous structure that covers the hip acetabulum. The labral lesions are controverted because it is not known if the labral tears are a cause or a consequence of the hip osteoarthrosis. Material and methods: We designed a rabbit animal model to study the labral tears. We used three groups of 13 animals. We injured the labral cartilage of every rabbit in the right hip, and we used the left hip as a control. The animals were kept alive for 12, 18 and 30 weeks. We realized a radiologic, a magnetic resonance and a histological study in every rabbit to see the labral tears consequences. Results: We did not found in our model any significant relationship between the labral tears and the secondary osteoarthrosis in the studied time. We didn't found labral damage without heal when the animals were sacrificed. Conclusion: We can conclude, in the rabbit animal model, the labral tears don't produce degenerative changes in the hip. The labrum have regenerative capacity in the rabbit animal model (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rabbits , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/surgery , Hip Dysplasia, Canine , Osteoarthritis/complications , Osteoarthritis , Osteoarthritis/veterinary , Osteoarthritis, Hip , Osteoarthritis, Hip/veterinary , Models, Animal , Acetabulum/injuries , Acetabulum/surgery , Acetabulum , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary , Arthroscopy/veterinary , Medetomidine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
AIMS: This study has investigated how global brain ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) modifies levels of mRNAs encoding γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor α1, ß2 and γ2 subunits and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) in an age- and structure-dependent manner. Gene expression in response to treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam was also investigated. METHODS: Global ischaemia was induced in 3- and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal areas, cerebral cortex (CC) and caudate putamen (C-Pu) from sham-operated and I/R-injured animals were excised 48 h after the insult and prepared for quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. Following I/R, meloxicam treatment was also carried out on young animals. RESULTS: Data revealed significant decreases in the levels of all GABA(A) receptor subunit transcripts in the hippocampus of both young and older injured animals compared with sham-operated ones. In contrast, there was either an increase or no change in GAD65 mRNA levels. GABA(A) receptor subunit transcript decreases were also observed in the CC and C-Pu in young injured animals but not in the CC of the older injured ones; interestingly, significant increases were observed in the C-Pu of older injured animals compared with controls. Meloxicam treatment following the insult resulted in a diminution of the previously described I/R response. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that I/R results in the modification of the levels of several gene transcripts involved in GABAergic signalling in both the pre- and postsynaptic components, of this neurotransmitter system, in an age- and structure-dependent manner.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Hippocampus/metabolism , Ischemic Attack, Transient/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Receptors, GABA-A/genetics , Age Factors , Animals , Gene Expression/genetics , Hippocampus/pathology , Male , Meloxicam , Protein Subunits/genetics , Protein Subunits/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism , Thiazines/pharmacology , Thiazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Late thrombosis of coronary drug-eluting stents is an infrequent but serious complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The best predictor of this event is the lack of endothelialization of stent struts. The objective of this study is to characterize and quantify the time course of endothelialization of different stents implanted in nonatherosclerotic swine coronary arteries. Thirty-three Carbofilm-coated stents were implanted percutaneously in 11 anesthetized domestic, crossbred pigs (weight 25 ± 3 kg, 2 months old). Each animal received 1 stainless steel stent (SS), 1 cobalt-chromium stent (CCS), and 1 tacrolimus-eluting stent (TES) in each coronary artery. Follow-up periods were 1 day (n = 9 stents), 3 days (n = 9 stents), and 7 days (n = 15 stents). Longitudinal sections of the stented vessels were examined using scanning electron microscopy. At 1 day, there was scarce, patchy endothelialization with areas of fibrin; the endothelialization rate was similar for all the stents (SS, 29% ± 23%; CCS, 29% ± 24%; TES, 31% ± 25%; P = .9). At 3 days, there were more endothelial cells but with immature features and giant cells over fibrin; the endothelialization was greater in SS and CCS than in TES (SS, 79% ± 14%; CCS, 81% ± 17%; TES, 46% ± 9%; P = .007). At 7 days, arteries showed better endothelialization with few giant cells; the endothelialization was greater in SS and CCS than in TES (SS, 95% ± 4%; CCS, 98% ± 4%; TES, 79% ± 9%; P = .01). In conclusion, the described model is useful for the analysis of endothelialization of coronary stents and facilitates measurement of its rate of formation and characterization of the involved cell types.
