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2.
O.F.I.L ; 32(2)abr./jun. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214951

ABSTRACT

La epidemia de opioides declarada en Estados unidos ha suscitado una profunda preocupación y polémica en torno al uso de estos fármacos. Aunque este problema no se ha extendido a Europa hasta el momento, se considera importante estudiar cuáles han podido ser los errores que se han cometido en Estados Unidos en el abordaje de esta epidemia. En este trabajo se identificaron cuatro errores respecto a las premisas adoptadas por los Estados Unidos para establecer la estrategia de lucha contra la epidemia: falta de adecuada identificación de las causas y el origen de la epidemia, error en la identificación de culpables, la mezcla de datos correspondientes a opioides de prescripción con los de opioides ilegales y una incorrecta cuantificación del problema. Como consecuencia de estos errores las soluciones y medidas aplicadas fueron ineficaces, tardías y estuvieron dirigidas a unos objetivos incorrectos. (AU)


The opioids epidemic declared in the United States of America has generated a deep preoccupation and controversy in relation to the use of these drugs. Although this problem has not been extended to Europe until today, it seems relevant to analyze the errors that have been made by United States. In this article we have identified four errors related to the premises adopted by this country in the design of the strategy to fight the epidemic: inadequate identification of causes and origin of the epidemic, error in the identification of guilty, mixing of data related to prescription opioids and illegal opioids and an incorrect quantification of the problem. As consequence of these errors, the applied solutions and measures were inefficacious, late and were directed towards incorrect targets. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Epidemics , Diagnostic Errors/history , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , United States/epidemiology
3.
Rev Neurol ; 65(9): 396-404, 2017 Nov 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29071698

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) entails complications, such as motor fluctuations. In Spain, medical attention for such cases is often provided in movement disorder units (MDU). AIM: To gain further knowledge of the diagnostic resources and therapeutic approach of MDU. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The researchers designed an on-line questionnaire, addressed to neurologists from MDUs, containing 48 questions about the resources they have available, the number of patients with PD and motor fluctuations that have been attended to, as well as the therapeutic approach, according to the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. RESULTS: Fifty-five neurologists participated. Structural neuroimaging is available to 100% of them; 89% have access to functional neuroimaging; 89% have acute pharmacological tests available for use; 78% have access to genetic tests; and 53% have transcranial ultrasound at their disposal. There are 2.5 neurologists and 1.2 nurses per unit. Of the patients with PD that they see, 19% of them are in HY stage 1, 59% are in HY stage 2-3 and 22% are in HY stage 4-5. Treatment consists, first of all, in monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors in HY stages 1 and 2, and levodopa in HY stages 3, 4 and 5. Twenty-four per cent of the patients have motor fluctuations, with 5.5 off episodes per day, lasting 44 minutes, with a total of seven off hours per day. Fourteen per cent of the patients under 70 years of age with more than three long-term off episodes per day are receiving invasive treatment for motor fluctuations. CONCLUSIONS: MDUs are well equipped with diagnostic and pharmacological resources. Pharmacological treatments are tailored to each patient with a wide range of combinations. Despite this optimisation, the prevalence of motor fluctuations is still high in advanced patients, and invasive therapies may be underused.


TITLE: Unidades de trastornos del movimiento y tratamiento de las fluctuaciones motoras de la enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada.Introduccion. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) avanzada conlleva complicaciones, como fluctuaciones motoras. Su atencion sanitaria en España se realiza frecuentemente en unidades de trastornos del movimiento (UTM). Objetivo. Conocer los recursos diagnosticos y el abordaje terapeutico de las UTM. Sujetos y metodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se diseño un cuestionario en linea, dirigido a neurologos de UTM, de 48 preguntas sobre recursos disponibles, numero de pacientes atendidos con EP y con fluctuaciones motoras, y abordaje terapeutico segun el estadio de Hoehn y Yahr (HY). Resultados. Participaron 55 neurologos. Disponen de neuroimagen estructural el 100%; neuroimagen funcional, el 89%; tests agudos farmacologicos, el 89%; tests geneticos, el 78%, y ecografia transcraneal, el 53%. Hay 2,5 neurologos y 1,2 enfermeras por unidad. Atienden a un 19% de pacientes con EP en estadio de HY 1, un 59% en estadio de HY 2-3 y un 22% en estadio de HY 4-5. Utilizan en primer lugar los inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa B en los estadios de HY 1 y 2, y levodopa en los estadios de HY 3, 4 y 5. Un 24% de los pacientes tiene fluctuaciones motoras, con 5,5 episodios off diarios, de 44 minutos, con un total de siete horas off diarias. Un 14% de los pacientes de hasta 70 años con mas de tres episodios off diarios de larga duracion recibe tratamiento invasivo para las fluctuaciones motoras. Conclusiones. Las UTM estan bien dotadas de recursos diagnosticos y farmacologicos. Los tratamientos farmacologicos se individualizan con gran variedad de combinaciones. A pesar de esta optimizacion, la prevalencia de fluctuaciones motoras es todavia alta en pacientes avanzados, y las terapias invasivas pueden infrautilizarse.


Subject(s)
Movement Disorders/diagnosis , Movement Disorders/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Movement Disorders/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Severity of Illness Index
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