Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/genetics , Colombia , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Humans , Plasmids , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , beta-Lactamases/genetics , beta-Lactamases/metabolismABSTRACT
Investigation of the MeOH extract of Exostema caribaeum (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of three new 4-phenylcoumarins. Their structures, 5-O-beta-D-galactosyl-7-methoxy-3',4'-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin [1a] 7,4',5'-trihydroxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin [2a] and 7,4'-dimethoxy-5'-hydroxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxido-coumarin [3a] were elucidated by spectral methods and chemical transformations. It was also demonstrated that 4-phenylcoumarins undergo oxidative cyclization under basic conditions in the presence of air to give 4-phenyl-5,2'-oxido-coumarins.
Subject(s)
Coumarins/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Acetylation , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Hydrolysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , MexicoABSTRACT
Two technical procedures were developed in order to suppress the vomeronasal organ (V.O.) of the rat. The organ was approached through the nasal or oral cavity and electrolytic or thermic lesions were respectively performed. For electrolytic lesions the projection of the organ on the nasal bone was first determined. After opening the nasal bones, the Vs. Os. were lesioned by way of an electric current applied through an electrode introduced between the mucosa and nasal septum. For thermic lesions, the projection of the V.O. on the palate's surface was determined. After opening this area and the underlying part of the maxillary bone, both Vs. Os. were cauterized.
Subject(s)
Cautery/methods , Nasal Septum/surgery , Rats/surgery , Animals , Electrocoagulation/methods , Epithelium/surgery , Male , Nasal Septum/innervation , Stereotaxic TechniquesABSTRACT
Two technical procedures were developed in order to suppress the vomeronasal organ (V.O.) of the rat. The organ was approached through the nasal or oral cavity and electrolytic or thermic lesions were respectively performed. For electrolytic lesions the projection of the organ on the nasal bone was first determined. After opening the nasal bones, the Vs. Os. were lesioned by way of an electric current applied through an electrode introduced between the mucosa and nasal septum. For thermic lesions, the projection of the V.O. on the palates surface was determined. After opening this area and the underlying part of the maxillary bone, both Vs. Os. were cauterized.
ABSTRACT
Two technical procedures were developed in order to suppress the vomeronasal organ (V.O.) of the rat. The organ was approached through the nasal or oral cavity and electrolytic or thermic lesions were respectively performed. For electrolytic lesions the projection of the organ on the nasal bone was first determined. After opening the nasal bones, the Vs. Os. were lesioned by way of an electric current applied through an electrode introduced between the mucosa and nasal septum. For thermic lesions, the projection of the V.O. on the palates surface was determined. After opening this area and the underlying part of the maxillary bone, both Vs. Os. were cauterized.