ABSTRACT
Relatively few investigations of anaerobic bacteria as ocular flora have been conducted, and their results have been contradictory. The conjunctival sacs of 22 normal subjects and of 14 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and 22 anophthalmic sockets were cultured for anaerobic bacteria Thirty-four (77.3%) of the 44 eyes of normal subjects harbored anaerobic bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes was present in 28 eyes (63.6%), Lactobacillus species in 6 eyes (13.6%), and Veillonella species in 7 eyes (15.9%). The finding were very similar for anophthalmic sockets (p = 0.01), with 17 (77.3%) of the 22 sockets harboring anaerobes; Propionibacterium acnes was the organism identified in 16 (72.7%) of these sockets; Veillonella was identified in 4 (18.1%), Peptococcus niger in 3 (13.6%) and P. granulosum in 2 (9.0%) of these sockets. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients had the highest incidence of anaerobic organisms, with positive cultures obtained from 24 (85.7%) of the 28 eyes. Propionibacterium species were isolated from 16 (57.1%) of these eyes. Clostridium species from 10 (35.7%) eyes and Actinomyces species from 8 (28.6%) eyes. It thus appears that anaerobic organisms are common flora in normal conjunctival sacs and in anophthalmic sockets, as well as in the sacs of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, but the latter group had a higher incidence (x2 = 0.87) and a spectrum of organisms that was different from that of the other two groups.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology , Anophthalmos/microbiology , Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification , Conjunctiva/microbiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anophthalmos/complications , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
O glaucoma experimental foi produzido em animais como coelho e macaco na tentativa de explicar os mecanismos da doença. Modelos de glaucoma espontâneo também foram descritos. No presente trabalho a elevaçäo da pressäo intraocular (PIO) foi produzida em 12 cäes por hemácia autóloga fixada em glutaraldeído injetada na câmara anterior do olho esquerdo, sob microscópio cirúrgico. O olho direito foi o controle. Tonometria pelo Schiotz foi realizada a cada 24 horas com o animal em posiçäo sentada. Com intervalos de tempo que variavam de 2 a 20 dias após a injeçäo os animais foram sacrificados, os olhos enucleados e congelados, medidos os diâmetros sagital e transversal e entäo fixados em soluçäo de formol a 10 por cento e os cortes corados pela hematoxilina-eosina para exame histológico. Em todos os animais a PIO foi maior quando comparado com os controles, o mesmo acontecendo com a medida dos diâmetros que foram também maiores. Os achados histológicos foram compatíveis com glaucoma
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , GlaucomaABSTRACT
The efficacy of topical 1% apraclonidine in controlling early postoperative IOP rise after cataract extraction was evaluated. Topical 1% apraclonidine was applied to 20 patients who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior intraocular lens implantation. On another 20 patients, who acted as control group a placebo (artificial tears) was given. The IOP was measured before preoperative medication and postoperatively at 6, 12 and 24 h, using the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer. In the control group, 9 patients (45%) developed intraocular hypertension and in the treated group only 2 (10%) showed hypertension, but with short duration and a moderate IOP rise. The difference in frequency of intraocular hypertension between the groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.02). The statistical analysis showed that the postoperative IOP of operated treated eyes was significantly smaller than the IOP of operated control eyes. Furthermore, the postoperative IOP and the initial IOP did not differ statistically. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of topical apraclonidine 1% in controlling the early and transient intraocular hypertension following cataract extraction.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/therapeutic use , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Clonidine/analogs & derivatives , Ocular Hypertension/prevention & control , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Lenses, Intraocular , Male , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/physiopathology , Ophthalmic SolutionsABSTRACT
O glaucoma congenito e uma das principais causas de cegueira na infancia. A suspeita diagnostica pode ser estabelecida por todos aqueles que cuidam da crianca desde o seu nascimento. O tratamento deve ser precoce e sempre e cirurgico. O tratamento da ambliopia, presente nestas criancas, deve ser sempre considerado
