ABSTRACT
The aim of study is to investigate central and peripheral analgesic effects of methanolic extract of dry ripe fruit of Aegle marmelos Linn. Corea (Am. Cr) by two methods, tail flick test and acetic acid induced writhing test at 100, 250 and 500mg/kg doses in animal models. Analgesic activity against tail flick test revealed that Am. Cr induced significant increase in latency period in dose dependent manner i.e. 65.38% at 100mg/kg, 395.37% at 250mg/kg (p<0.01) and 459.25% at 500mg/kg (p<0.01) body weight at 1hr after drug delivery while at 2hr effect decreased i.e. 61.53% at 100mg/kg, 161.11% (p<0.01) at 250mg/kg and 165.74% (p<0.01) at 500mg/kg but interestingly again there is an elongation in latency period at 3hr i.e. 106.15% at 100mg/kg dose, 251.85% (p<0.01) at 250mg/kg and 293.51% (p<0.05) at 500mg/kg respectively. The standard drug Diclofenac sodium at the dose of 5mg/kg continuously increased the latency period but less significantly as compared to the test substance i.e. 79.43%, 113.08% and 222.42% (p<0.05) respectively. Acetic acid induced writhing test produced highest significant activity at the dose of 100mg/kg i.e. 89.83% (p<0.01) as compared to Diclofenic sodium (standard drug) at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight i.e 63.63% (p<0.01). It is concluded that dry ripe fruit of A. marmelos possesses significant dual analgesic activities i.e. central and peripheral.
Subject(s)
Aegle , Analgesics/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Diclofenac/pharmacology , Fruit , Male , Mice , Pain Management , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Fruit of Prunus domestica was extracted in ethanol. The ethanol extract was further extracted with two solvents ethyl acetate and chloroform. The crude ethanol extract and two fractions (ethyl acetate and chloroform) were screened for their antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method .They were tested against nine bacteria; five Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcuc intermedius, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus) and four Gram negative bacteria (Eschrichia coli, Proteus mirabilis Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiela pneumoniae). The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibiotic (Ampicillin) Among all fractions ethyl acetate exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 34.57mm ± 1.3) while ethyl alcohol exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 17.42mm ± 3.3). Minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions was found in the range of 78 µ g/ml to 2500 µ gl/ml against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Prunus/chemistry , Solvents/chemistry , Acetates/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Chloroform/chemistry , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanol/chemistry , Fruit , Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
This research study was conducted to investigate acute oral toxicity and analgesic activity of ethanol extract of P. domestica fruit by using tail flick analgesiometer at 300 and 500mg/kg doses in animal models. Acute oral toxicity results showed that crude extract is safe up to the dose of 5g/kg body weight of animals. The analgesic activity revealed that P. domestica extract at 500mg/kg dose possesses highest significant and prolonged analgesic activity in dose dependent manner as compared to standard and control groups. Aspirin 300mg/kg body weight was used as standard drug. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out which showed the presence of certain phytochemicals constituents in test drug that are responsible for analgesic activity. Therefore the results are justified.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Prunus , Analgesics/chemistry , Analgesics/isolation & purification , Analgesics/toxicity , Animals , Aspirin/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethanol/chemistry , Fruit , Mice , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plants, Medicinal , Prunus/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Solvents/chemistry , Time Factors , Toxicity Tests, AcuteABSTRACT
This work was conducted to investigate the various pharmacological activities of Salvadora. persica family Salvadoracea and that includes anti inflammatory, analgesic, CNS, bleeding and clotting time activity by oral administration at the dose of 300 and 500mg/kg of body weight in animal models. Acute oral toxicity results showed that crude extract of S. persica is safe up to the dose of 5g/kg body weight of animals. Carraganeen induced hind paw edema method for anti inflammatory activity, tail immersion test method for analgesic activity, Rota rod and grip strength test for CNS activity were carried out in animal models. The analgesic activity was compared with aspirin, 300mg/kg body weight, anti inflammatory activity was compared with indomethacine, 10mg/kg body weight, Transamin 250mg/kg and Vitamin K 10mg were used for bleeding and clotting time activity respectively while diazepam 5mg/kg were used as standard for behavior and CNS activities. In all activities S. persica showed prolonged and dose dependent effects. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out which showed the presence of certain phytoconstituents which possesses these properties. Therefore the results justified the traditional use of the plant.
