Effects upon Nitrogen Sorption Analysis in Aerogels.

Nitrogen sorption at 77 K is a standard technique for the characterization of mesoporosity. However, it seemed to be unable to detect the full, theoretically expected pore volume in high-porosity aerogels. Investigating this problem, we found that if only the sample is sufficiently equilibrated upon sorption, the full pore volume is detected regardless of its porosity. As insufficient equilibration also effects the pore size distribution deduced from the isotherm, highly erroneous results can be avoided if complete equilibration upon each sorption step is assured. For compliant aerogels the effect of sample deformation during analysis has to be taken into account. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

[Mastery of conflictual relationship patterns in the course of a psychodynamic focal therapy]. / Meisterung konflikthafter Beziehungsmuster im Verlaufe einer psychodynamischen Fokaltherapie.

Mastery is a psychological construct rooted in the psychodynamic psychotherapy research. The Mastery Scale provides a reliable content analytic method to measure the mastery of maladaptive interpersonal conflicts. With the help of model-sentences verbatim transcripts of relationship episodes are assessed regarding to six hierarchical so-called levels: lack of impulse-control, introjection and projection of negative emotions, difficulties in understanding and cognitive control, interpersonal consciousness, understanding of the self and self control. Further, mastery capabilities can be quantified by a mastery score. For the first time, the instrument is introduced in German by a study of a rather well known successful psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy which previously has been investigated with several empirical methods. The results verify the possibilities of the Mastery Scale in subtly describing changes in the course of a psychotherapy.