ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the psychological well-being, especially of health care workers, for more than two years now. Here, we followed-up on a survey we conducted at the very beginning of the pandemic, to determine potential changes in psychological strain experienced by health care workers one year later. Since our first survey in 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have been established, thus we assessed whether vaccination-status might modulate psychological burden of health care workers. We also collected data on resilience and sleep, as those might be related to successful coping. Between March and April 2021, nurses and physicians (N â= â286) working at the University Hospital Augsburg - with high or low exposure to COVID-19 patients - took part in an online survey. We found that fully vaccinated personnel reported lower levels of anxiety, depression, stress and exhaustion suggesting the potential positive consequences of vaccination beyond the obvious protection against a COVID-19 infection. Nurses reported more depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress and exhaustion and lower levels of job fulfilment than physicians. Individuals with high exposure to COVID-19 patients reported higher exhaustion and depersonalization. Resilience and sleep quality were significantly correlated with psychological and work-related burden, suggesting their potential role as protective resources. In general, the comparison of the present data to the survey conducted in 2020 suggests an overall increase of psychological burden in health care workers. Despite these surely alarming findings, it should be noted that being vaccinated might come along with reduced psychological strain.
ABSTRACT
AIM: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate potential risk factors predicting repeated dental treatment of children under general anaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children below 12 years of age receiving at least one dental treatment under general anaesthesia between 03/2010 and 10/2018 were analysed (n = 935, mean age: 4.6 ± 2.4). Dental records were analysed retrospectively for anamnestic, demographic, oral health and treatment factors. Kaplan-Meier statistics was used to estimate the time to second dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Potential risk factors for repeated dental treatment underwent univariate analysis using log-rank tests and were then submitted to a multi-variate Cox-regression analysis (a = 5%). RESULTS: One hundred fifteen children (12.3%) received or were planned to receive repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia. In children receiving repeated dental treatment, the time intervals between first and second general anaesthesia and second and third general anaesthesia amounted to 22 ± 18 and 23 ± 20 months, respectively. The use of fluoridated toothpaste (HR: 0.28, p < 0.01) and attending 2 or more recall appointments per year (HR: 0.6, p < 0.01) significantly decreased the risk for repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION: Adherence to preventive recall appointments and to oral hygiene recommendations is essential to maintain oral health and avoid repeated dental treatment under general anaesthesia.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental , Dental Caries , Anesthesia, General , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Oral Health , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Emotions , Facial Expression , Pain Perception , Adult , Arousal , Attention , Electromyography , Female , Hot Temperature , Humans , Male , Pain Threshold , Thermosensing , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: To compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary NiTi-instruments in removing filling material from curved root canals using micro-computed tomography. METHODOLOGY: Sixty curved root canals were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After determination of root canal curvatures and radii in two directions as well as volumes of filling material, the teeth were assigned to three comparable groups (n = 20). Retreatment was performed using Reciproc, ProTaper Universal Retreatment or Hedström files. Percentages of residual filling material and dentine removal were assessed using micro-CT imaging. Working time and procedural errors were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by variance procedures. RESULTS: No significant differences amongst the three retreatment techniques concerning residual filling material were detected (P > 0.05). Hedström files removed significantly more dentine than ProTaper Universal Retreatment (P < 0.05), but the difference concerning dentine removal between both NiTi systems was not significant (P > 0.05). Reciproc and ProTaper Universal Retreatment were significantly faster than Hedström files (P = 0.0001). No procedural errors such as instrument fracture, blockage, ledging or perforation were detected for Hedström files. Three perforations were recorded for ProTaper Universal Retreatment, and in both NiTi groups, one instrument fracture occured. CONCLUSIONS: Remnants of filling material were observed in all samples with no significant differences between the three techniques. Hedström files removed significantly more dentine than ProTaper Universal Retreatment, but no significant differences between both NiTi systems were detected. Procedural errors were observed with ProTaper Universal Retreatment and Reciproc.
