Subject(s)
Carbamates/toxicity , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Oximes/pharmacology , Animals , Atropine/pharmacology , Carbamates/antagonists & inhibitors , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Germ-Free Life , In Vitro Techniques , Lethal Dose 50 , Male , Neostigmine/pharmacology , Oximes/antagonists & inhibitors , Physostigmine/pharmacology , Pyridinium Compounds/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Brain/enzymology , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Depression, Chemical , Dichlorvos/pharmacology , Kinetics , Male , Nitrophenols/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/administration & dosage , Phosphoric Acids/pharmacology , RatsABSTRACT
1. The subcutaneous acute toxicities of the vinyl phosphate pesticides monocrotophos, dicrotophos, chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, mevinphos, and of the experimental compounds SD 4455 (cis-2-carboxy-1-methylvinyl dimethylphosphate) and SD 7779 (cis-2-(1-phenylethoxy) carbonyl-1-methylvinyl diethylphosphate) have been determined in female rats.2. The effects on the log dose-probit mortality curves to the vinylphosphates of the therapeutic subcutaneous administration of methylatropine, atropine, N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime methanesulphonate and obidoxime have been studied.3. Elevation of the LD50 values by the therapeutic regimens was shown to be an unsatisfactory measure of therapeutic efficiency, while reduction of the effect of a maximally lethal dose (LD90) to less than that of a minimally lethal dose (LD10) provided a better quantitative measure of therapeutic efficiency.4. The combination of atropine sulphate (50 mumol base/kg) with obidoxime (250 mumol/kg) was found to be generally the most effective of the antidotal regimens.
