Risk factors for developmental defects of enamel in children from southeastern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDEs) comprise qualitative and/or quantitative changes to the enamel during amelogenesis. The aetiology of DDE remains inconclusive. AIM: To determine the association of pre, peri, and postnatal factors with the presence of DDE. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with 353 children (8 to 11 years-old) in a Brazilian town. METHODS: One calibrated dentist assessed DDE using the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index and a questionnaire collected medical and sociodemographic data. MAIN OUTCOMES: Children with at least one type of DDE were categorized into the DDE group. Subtypes of DDE were also recorded. RESULTS: 63.1% of children had at least one type of DDE. Diffuse opacity was present in 36.7%, demarcated opacity in 14.8%, and hypoplasia in 5.83% of the children. In multivariate analysis, demarcated opacities and hypoplasia were associated with birth weight ⟨ 2500g (OR = 4.82; 95% CI 1.23-1.95). CONCLUSION: Low birth weight predicted DDE.

Bulk materials made of silicon cage clusters doped with Ti, Zr, or Hf.

We investigate the feasibility of assembling the exceptionally stable isovalent X@Si(16) (X = Ti, Zr and Hf) nanoparticles to form new bulk materials. We use first-principles density functional theory. Our results predict the formation of stable, wide band-gap materials crystallizing in HCP structures in which the cages bind weakly, similar to fullerite. This study suggests new pathways through which endohedral cage clusters may constitute a viable means toward the production of synthetic materials with pre-defined physical and chemical properties.

Nonfunctioning paraganglioma of the posterior mediastinum. Case report.

A case of nonfunctioning paraganglioma of the posterior mediastinum in a 20-year-old white man is presented. The diagnosis of aorticosympathetic paraganglioma (Glenner-Grimley classification) was established by histologic examination after surgical removal of the tumor.

A simple mechanical system for pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass.

The authors present a mechanical system for pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. Its major advantages are: simplicity, low cost and the synchronization of pulse generation with the arterial roller. This system has been used clinically since 1981.

Late surgical repair of ventricular septal defect due to nonpenetrating chest trauma: review and report of two contrasting cases.

Traumatic rupture of the interventricular septum is a rare condition usually presenting in infancy and childhood. This report describes two cases: a 3-year-old boy operated on soon after the diagnosis was made, and a 15-year-old girl operated on 12 years following the causative accident. Both patients had the diagnosis confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The typical appearance of a traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) was seen during surgical repair that was successfully carried out in both patients. The protracted clinical course of the second patient, eventually requiring corrective intervention, contributes to the understanding of natural history of traumatic VSD.

Níveis séricos de digoxina em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea / Serum digoxin levels in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation

Determinou-se por metodo imunienzimatico, o nivel serico digoxina antes, durante e apos a circulacao extracorporea (CEC) para correcao de valvopatias, em 21 pacientes que fizeram uso de 0,25mg/dia do medicamento ate o dia anterior a operacao.Os resultados medios das dosagens foram, respectivamente, 1,95 +/- 0,94; 1,46 +/- 0,82 e 162 +/- 0,74 ng/ml, com diminuicao estatisticamente significante durante a CEC (p < 0,01) e nao significante quando se compararam os valores obtidos antes e apos a CEC. Conclui-se que a CEC nao influiu nos niveis sericos de digoxina, sendo as pequenas variacoes atribuidas a hemodiluicao. Nao se observaram arritmias ventriculares importantes depois da CEC a no pos-operatorio imediato/

Fluxo pulsátil em circulação extracorpórea. Apresentação de um sistema mecânico com estudos preliminares hemodinâmicos e do transporte de oxigênio / Pulsatile flow in extracorporeal circulation. Presentation of a mechanical system with preliminary hemodynamic and oxygen transport studies

Estudaram-se 20 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardiaca com circulacao extracorporea (CEC) e hipotermia, 10 deles perfundidos com um novo sistema mecanico para obtencao de fluxo pulsatil. Os resultados obtidos para cada grupo, pelo estudo das variaveis do transporte de oxigenio, nao foram significantemente diferentes. Por outro lado, observou-se diminuicao da resistencia vascular sistemica nos pacientes perfundidos com fluxo pulsatil. Concluiuse que o sistema para obtencao do fluxo pulsatil em CEC e simples, seguro, estando em andamento outros estudos sobre o metod

Alcalose metabolica hipocloremica.Tratamento pela reposicao do cloro por via retal. / Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Treatment with chlorine reposition by rectal way

Os autores apresentam um caso de alcalose metabolica hipocloremica grave, em uma crianca de oito anos portadora de meningite tuberculosa com hidrocefalia. O tratamento realizado consistiu na reposicao do cloro por via retal. Ressalta-se a importancia da alcalose metabolica e conclui-se que a via retal deva ser considerada para a reposicao do cloro, em situacoes de hipocloremia grave, merecendo a sua utilizacao uma melhor divulgacao

Alcalose metabolica: tratamento com solucao de aminoacidos contendo cloridrato de arginina. / Metabolic alkalosis: treatment with amino acid solutions containing arginine hydrochloride

Os autores apresentam um metodo alternativo para o tratamento da alcalose metabolica, utilizando infusao de uma solucao de aminoacidos contendo cloridrato de arginina. O metodo tem sido utilizado no tratamento de varios pacientes, com excelentes resultados. Sete destes casos sao aqui descritos

Timolipoma simulando cardiomegalia. / Thymolipoma simulating cardiomegaly

Os autores apresentam o caso de uma crianca de 5 anos, feminina, branca, brasileira, que apresentava radiografia de torax altamente sugestiva de cardiomegalia. A avaliacao clinica e outros estudos radiologicos mostraram aa existencia de massa tumoral no mediastino anterior, simulando cardiomegalia. A toracotomia revelou um timolipoma de 510g, que foi retirado cirurgicamente, sem dificuldades tecnicas. E apresentada uma revisao da literatura sobre o timolipoma

Controle da coagulacao em circulacao extracorporea. Importancia do emprego rotineiro do tempo de coagulacao ativado. / Control of the coagulation in extracorporeal circulation. Importance of the routine use of activated blood coagulation time

Apresenta-se a revisao de experiencia clinica com tempo de coagulacao ativado (TCA) para o controle da heparina e da protamina durante a circulacao extracorporea para cirurgia cardiaca, em 120 pacientes (60 sem TCA, 60 com TCA). Apos o uso do TCA as quantidades de heparina utilizadas diminuiram de 215 +/- 91,19 para 143,88 +/- 60,87 mg, a protamina de 366, 81 +/- 134,31 mg para 227,58 +/- 97,61 mg e as tranfusoes de sangue de 9,87 +/- 8,38 para 4,40 +/- 3,44 unidades de 400 a 500 ml. Ressalta-se a sensibilidade individual a heparina como principal fator no controle do sangramento em circulacao extracorporea