Caries experience in young children with congenital heart disease in a developing country

Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the “missing” component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.

Caries experience in young children with congenital heart disease in a developing country.

Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the "missing" component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.

Metodologias aplicadas para análise da capacidade de selamento dos materiais retrobturadores: revisão da literatura / Methodologies for analysis for the sealing ability of the root-end filling materials: literature review

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em comparar, por meio de revisão da literatura, as diversas metodologias utilizadas para análise da capacidade de selamento dos materiais retrobturadores. Assim como, verificar quais destes materiais retrobturadores são capazes de promover melhor selamento apical, prevenindo a percolação e o consequente insucesso da terapia endodôntica. Com base nos resultados demonstrados pela literatura, pode-se chegar às seguintes considerações: a infiltração por glicose e a infiltração bacteriana foram as metodologias que melhor avaliaram a capacidade de selamento apical. Entretanto, serão necessários diversos estudos para a total comprovação da infiltração por glicose. O MTA foi o material retrobturador com melhor capacidade de selamento apical, nas diversas metodologias aplicadas.

The objective of this study was to compare, by reviewing the literature, the various methodologies used to analyze the sealing ability of the root-end fillings materials. As well as, to verify which of these root-end fillings materials are able to promote better apical sealing, preventing percolation and the consequent failure of endodontic therapy. Based on the results demonstrated by the literature, one can come to these following considerations: glucose leakage and bacterial leakage were the methodologies that best evaluated the apical sealing ability. However, various studies will be needed for total attesting the infiltration by glucose. MTA as a root-end filling material provided better apical sealing ability, in the various methodologies.

Capacidade de selamento de três materiais retrobturadores frente à infiltração microbiana por Enterococcus faecalis / Sealing ability of three root-end filling materials front to the microbial leakage by Enterococcus faecalis

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade de selamento apical de três materiais retrobturadores em dentes submetidos à infiltração microbiana por Enterococcus faecalis. Além de analisar a ocorrência da infiltração microbiana em relação à variável tempo. Para tal, foram utilizados 80 caninos superiores permanentes humanos extraídos, instrumentados com o sistema rotatório ProTaper Universal® (MAILLEFER) e obturados pela técnica de compactação lateral, com dois tipos de cimento endodôntico: Endofill® (DENTSPLY) e AH Plus® (DENTSPLY). A apicetomia foi realizada com a remoção de 3mm do terço apical e o retropreparo confeccionado com pontas ultrasônicas. As amostras foram subdivididas, aleatoriamente, em 6 grupos com 10 dentes cada, e 2 grupos controles. Os materiais utilizados para a retrobturação foram MTA® branco (ANGELUS), IBC BioAggregate® (INNOVATIVE BIOCERAMIX INC.) e Acroseal® (SEPTODONT). Foram confeccionados dispositivos para fixação dos dentes aos tubos Eppendorfs. As amostras foram inoculadas com cepas de E. faecalis e incubadas a 37°C, por um período de 90 dias, para análise da presença de turvação do meio Enterococcosel. Para a realização da análise estatística foram utilizados os seguintes testes: Qui-quadrado com Prova Exata de Fisher e Kruskal-Wallis. Os resultados mostraram que todos os grupos nos quais foi realizada a obturação e a posterior retrobturação apresentaram infiltração. Comparando todos os grupos, não houve diferença significativa entre os materiais testados. Em relação apenas aos materiais retrobturadores, o Acroseal® obteve a menor infiltração, seguido do MTA® branco e do IBC BioAggregate®. As amostras obturadas com o cimento Endofill não apresentaram diferença estatística em relação à variável tempo. Porém, nas amostras obturadas com o cimento AH Plus®, houve maior ocorrência de infiltração nas amostras retrobturadas com o IBC BioAggregate® e menor infiltração nas amostras retrobturadas com Acroseal®, com diferença...

The objective of this study was to compare the apical sealing ability of three root-end filling materials in teeth submitted to the microbial leakage by Enterococcus faecalis. Besides analyzing the occurrence of the microbial leakage in relation to the variable time.For such, 80 canine permanent superior teeth extracted from humans were used, which were instrumented with ProTaper Universal® system (MAILLEFER) and filled by the lateral compaction technique, with two types of endodontic sealers: Endofill® (DENTSPLY) and AH Plus® (DENTSPLY). The apices were resected with the removal of 3mm of the apical third and the root-end cavities prepared with ultrasonic tips. The samples were subdivided, randomly, in 6 groups with 10 teeth each, and 2 control groups. The materials used for the retrofilling were white MTA® (ANGELUS), IBC BioAggregate® (INNOVATIVE BIOCERAMIX INC.) and Acroseal® (SEPTODONT). Devices were made for fixation of the teeth to the Eppendorf tubes. The filling samples were inoculated with strains of E. faecalis and incubated at 37°C, for a period of 90 days, for analysis of the presence of turbidity of Enterococcosel medium. For the accomplishment of the statistical analysis the following tests were used: Qui-square with Exact Proof of Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that all the groups in which the filling was accomplished and the subsequent retrofilling presented leakage. Comparing all groups, there was not significant difference among the tested materials. In regard to only the root-end filling materials, Acroseal obtained the smallest leakage, followed by white MTA® and IBC BioAggregate®. The samples filled with the sealer Endofill® didn't present statistical difference in relation to the variable time. However, in the samples filled with the sealer AH Plus®, there was larger leakage occurrence in the samples retrofilled with IBC BioAggregate® and smaller leakage in the samples retrofilled with Acroseal®, with... (AU)

Comparação da infiltração apical entre os cimentos Obturadores ah plus, sealapex, sealer 26 e endofill, Através da diafanização / Comparison of apical leakage of endodontic sealers Ah plus, saelapex, sealer 26 e endofill through cleared teeth

Introdução e Objetivo: Analisar a infiltração dos cimentos AH Plus®, Sealapex®, Sealer 26® e Endofill® através da diafanização. Material e Métodos: 50 dentes humanos unirradiculares tiveram suas coroas removidas e canais preparados pela técnica de Oregon modificada. Após o preparo químico-mecânico os dentes foram obturados com cone de Guta-Percha e quatro diferentes tipos de cimentos endodônticos: Grupo I: AH Plus®; Grupo II: Sealapex®; Grupo III: Sealer 26® e Grupo IV: Endofill®. Os outros dois grupos serviram para os controle positivo (5 dentes) e negativo (5 dentes). Após a obturação, os dentes permaneceram em soro fisiológico a 0,9% por 60 dias, simulando a situação de umidade bucal. Passado esse período, os dentes foram impermeabilizados com três camadas de esmalte de unha e, depois de secos, foram imersos em tinta Nanquim e colocados na estufa a 37°C por 48 horas. Após esse período, as unidades de estudo foram lavadas em água corrente por 24 horas, as camadas de esmalte removidas com lâmina de bisturi e os dentes diafanizados. Resultados e Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram diferenças insignificantes entre os materiais testados, tendo assim, um comportamento semelhante na infiltração marginal apical.

Introduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the infiltration from sealers: AH Plus®, Sealapex®, Sealer 26® and Endofill®, using clearing teeth technique. Material and Methods: The present work makes an analysis of infiltration using the clearing technique of 50 single-rooted teeth that had crowns removed and canals prepared by the Oregon Modified Technique. The root canals were filled with Gutta-Percha and for different sealers: Group I: AH Plus®; Group II: Sealapex®; Group III: Sealer 26® and Group IV: Endofill®. The others two groups of five teeth each served as positive and negative control groups. After filling, teeth remained for 60 days in saline solution 0,9% simulating oral conditions. Following this stage, teeth were covered by three layers of nail polish, immersed in Nanquin ink and stored in a stove under 37º for 2 days. The samples were washed in current water for 24 hours, had the nail varnish removed with bistouries blades and the clearing technique was applied to evaluation to results. Results and Conclusion: The Mann-Whitney test was used and statistical analysis of the results showed insignificant differences between the materials tested and so a similar behavior in the apical marginal infiltration.Key words: cleared teeth; apical leakage; obturation.

Avaliação da infiltração marginal observada em cinco cimentos utilizados como seladores temporários / Microleakage evaluation of five temporary endodontic restorations

Introdução e objetivo:: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a infiltração marginal, através da passagem de íons níquel, em cinco tipos de materiais utilizados na clínica de Endodontia como seladores temporários: Coltosol, Tempore plus® (DFL), Cimento de Zinco® (Lee Smith), Vitro-Fill® (DFL) e New Bond®(Technew). Material e métodos: Neste estudo foram usados 56 dentes unirradiculares, conservados em solução de timol 0,1%. Os espécimes foram divididos em: grupo I – Coltosol®; grupo II – Tempore plus®; grupo III – Cimento de Zinco®; grupo IV – Vitro-Fill®; grupo V – New Bond®. Uma bolinha de algodão impregnada com solução de dimetilglioxima a 1% foi colocada na câmara pulpar, e o selamento das cavidades de acesso foi realizado com os materiais a serem testados. Os dentes foram então imersos em solução de sulfato de níquel a 5% a 37°C por 7 dias. A área infiltrada foi medida em mm2 com o auxílio do software ImageTool. Resultados: Os grupos I, II e V apresentaram valores de infiltração significativamente menores que os grupos III e IV. No entanto não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos III e IV e entre os grupos I, II e V. Conclusão: Os grupos I, II e V (Coltosol®, Tempore plus® e New Bond®) demonstraram os melhores resultados, embora todos os materiais tenham permitido percolação do corante utilizado.

Introduction and objecttiivvee:: The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage, through the crossing of íons nickel, in five types of materials used in the clinic of Endodontics, as temporary endodontics restorations: Coltosol®; Tempore plus® (DFL); Cimento de Zinco® (Lee Smith); Vitro-Fill® (DFL); New Bond® (Technew). Material and methods: In this study 56 uniradicular teeth had been used conserved in solution of timol 0,1%. The specimens had been divided in: group I – Coltosol®; group II – Tempore plus®; group III – Cimento de Zinco®; group IV – Vitro-Fill®; group V – New Bond®. A cotton pellet moistened with solution of 1% dimethylglyoxime was put into the pulp chamber and the sealing of the access cavities was made with the materials to be tested.The specimens were then immersed in 5% NiSO4 for 7 days. The infiltrated area was measured in mm2 with aid of ImageTool software. Results: Groups I, II and V had presented significantly lesser values of infiltration than groups III and IV. However, there wasn’t statistics difference between groups III and IV and among groups I, II and V. Conclusion: The groups I, II e V (Coltosol®,Tempore plus® and New Bond®) showed the best results, although every restoration had allowed dye leakage.

Tempo de endurecimento de alguns cimentos endodônticos à base de óxido de zinco eeugenol / Setting times of some zinc oxide and eugenol based endodontic sealers

Objetivo: Procurou-se analisar ex vivo o tempo de endurecimento dos cimentos endodônticos nacionais à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol: Endofill®, Intrafill®, cimento de Rickert (LenzaFarm®), Pulp Fill® e Target®. Material e métodos: O tempo de endurecimento dos cimentos endodônticos foi obtido de acordo com a especificação n. 57 da American Dental Association. Resultados: A análise das médias indicou a existência de diferença altamente significante entre os tempos de endurecimento dos cimentos. Conclusão: Considerando a propriedade avaliada, os cimentos Target® e Intrafill® mostraram valores mais compatíveis com a atividade clínica.

Objective: To analyse ex-vivo setting times of national zinc oxide and eugenol based root canal sealers: Endofill®, Intrafill®, Rickert’s sealer (LenzaFarm®), Pulp Fill® and Target®. Material and methods: The setting times was obtained in accordance with the specification n. 57 of the Dental American Association. Results: The analysis of the averages indicated the existence of highly significant difference between the setting times of the sealers. Conclusion: Considering the evaluated property, the cement Target® and Intrafill® have shown values more compatible with the clinical activity.