FAST and Furious About Quality: Impact of Continuous Review and Feedback on Point-of-Care Ultrasound Examinations.

Background: Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) examination is a point-of-care ultrasound study used to evaluate for abdominal hemorrhage, pneumothorax, or pericardial blood in trauma patients as an adjunct to their initial assessment. The quality of the image can be limited, and its diagnostic value is heavily dependent on operator skill. Our objective was to determine whether a standardized review process improved image quality and reduced incidence of nondiagnostic or insufficient imaging by 10% over a 6-month period. Study Design: Between July 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, we evaluated 1106 trauma activations at our level II trauma center. Two exams per practitioner per month were reviewed by an emergency medicine trained traumatologist with specialized training in point-of-care ultrasound and board certification in echocardiography. Priority was given to exams on patients with known injuries identified on other studies. If there were no exams that matched these criteria, random exams were selected. Images were reviewed for image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and labeling with counseling given to the provider if indicated. Categorical variables were compared using chi squared analysis, while continuous non-normally distributed variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 305 FAST exams were reviewed (186 pre-intervention and 119 during intervention). Image quality improved from 46.3% (n = 31/65) to 79.0% (n = 94/119) (P < .01) with need for counseling falling from 63.1% (n = 41/65) pre-QI to 42.0% (n = 50/119) post-QI (P < .01). Incidence of detectable injury, BMI, ISS, and AIS body regions were consistent across the study period. This was seen in both the geriatric and non-geriatric cohorts despite a significant increase in ISS in the post-intervention geriatric patients.Discussion: A FAST review program is associated with improvement in image quality and decreased need for counseling of trauma providers.

Defining the genetic components of callus formation: A GWAS approach.

A characteristic feature of plant cells is the ability to form callus from parenchyma cells in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Tissue culture propagation of recalcitrant plant species and genetic engineering for desired phenotypes typically depends on efficient in vitro callus generation. Callus formation is under genetic regulation, and consequently, a molecular understanding of this process underlies successful generation for propagation materials and/or introduction of genetic elements in experimental or industrial applications. Herein, we identified 11 genetic loci significantly associated with callus formation in Populus trichocarpa using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Eight of the 11 significant gene associations were consistent across biological replications, exceeding a chromosome-wide-log10 (p) = 4.46 [p = 3.47E-05] Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. These eight genes were used as hub genes in a high-resolution co-expression network analysis to gain insight into the genome-wide basis of callus formation. A network of positively and negatively co-expressed genes, including several transcription factors, was identified. As proof-of-principle, a transient protoplast assay confirmed the negative regulation of a Chloroplast Nucleoid DNA-binding-related gene (Potri.018G014800) by the LEC2 transcription factor. Many of the candidate genes and co-expressed genes were 1) linked to cell division and cell cycling in plants and 2) showed homology to tumor and cancer-related genes in humans. The GWAS approach based on a high-resolution marker set, and the ability to manipulate targets genes in vitro, provided a catalog of high-confidence genes linked to callus formation that can serve as an important resource for successful manipulation of model and non-model plant species, and likewise, suggests a robust method of discovering common homologous functions across organisms.

Risk factors and mortality associated with undertriage at a level I safety-net trauma center: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with undertriage and the risk factors for mortality among the undertriaged patients at a level I safety-net trauma center. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all trauma patients who presented to a level I safety-net trauma center with an injury severity score >15 over a 2-year period (2013-2014). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors predictive of undertriage in major trauma patients (injury severity score >15) and of mortality in undertriaged patients. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 334 of 2,485 admitted trauma patients presented with major trauma and were included in our study. From the univariate analysis, variables that were found to be independently associated with mortality in undertriaged patients included intubation, Glasgow Coma Scale score, revised trauma score, and dementia. Independent risk factors that were found to be significantly associated with undertriage in severely injured trauma patients included Glasgow Coma Scale score, motor vehicle crash, falls, revised trauma score, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, intubation, and dementia. When a multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant risk factors, dementia was found to be significantly associated with undertriage in severely injured trauma patients. CONCLUSION: Severely injured trauma patients with dementia are at significant risk for undertriage. Early identification of these risk factors while triaging at a level I safety-net trauma center could translate into improved patient outcomes following severe trauma.