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1.
Cardiol J ; 26(6): 680-686, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29512095

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects milions of people and can result in myocardial infarction (MI). Previously, mast cells (MC) have been extensively investigated in the context of hypersensitivity, however as regulators of the local inflammatory response they can potentially contribute to CAD and/or its progression. The aim of the study was to assess if serum concentration of MC proteases: carboxypeptidase A3, cathepsin G and chymase 1 is associated with the extension of CAD and MI. METHODS: The 44 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD (23 subjects with non-ST-segment elevation MI [NSTEMI] and 21 with stable CAD) were analyzed. Clinical data were obtained as well serum concentrations of carboxypeptidase A3, cathepsin G and chymase 1 were also measured. RESULTS: Patients with single vessel CAD had higher serum concentration of carboxypeptidase than those with more advanced CAD (3838.6 ± 1083.1 pg/mL vs. 2715.6 ± 442.5 pg/mL; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in levels of any protease between patients with stable CAD and those with NSTEMI. Patients with hypertension had ≈2-fold lower serum levels of cathepsin G than normotensive individuals (4.6 ± 0.9 pg/mL vs. 9.4 ± 5.8 pg/mL; p = 0.001). Cathepsin G levels were also decreased in sera of the current smokers as compared with non-smokers (3.1 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. 5.8 ± 1.2 ng/mL, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased serum level of carboxypeptidase is a hallmark of more advanced CAD. Lower serum levels of carboxypeptidase A3 and catepsin G are associated with risk factors of blood vessel damage suggesting a protective role of these enzymes in CAD.


Subject(s)
Carboxypeptidases A/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Mast Cells/enzymology , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/blood , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Cathepsin G/blood , Chymases/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/enzymology , Down-Regulation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/enzymology , Prospective Studies
2.
Mediators Inflamm ; 2015: 395173, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26089601

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: An inflammatory response plays a crucial role in myocardial damage after an acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES: To measure serum concentrations of several mediators in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to assess their potential relationship with a risk of coronary instability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 33 patients with STEMI and 19 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The clinical data were obtained; as well serum concentrations of tryptase, endothelin (ET-1), angiogenin, soluble c-kit, and PDGF were measured. RESULTS: Patients with STEMI had higher serum tryptase and ET-1 than healthy volunteers (2,5 ± 0,4 ng/mL versus 1,1 ± 0,4 ng/mL and 0,7 ± 0,1 ng/mL versus 0,3 ± 0,1 ng/mL, resp.). Subjects with significant lesion in left anterior descending artery (LAD) had lower serum ET-1 compared to those with normal LAD (0,6 ± 0,2 pg/mL versus 0,9 ± 0,4 pg/mL). Patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) had higher level of soluble c-kit compared to those with one- or two-vessel CAD: 19,9 ± 24,1 ng/mL versus 5,6 ± 1,9 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum tryptase and ET-1 may be markers of increased coronary instability; some cytokines may be related to the extension of CAD.


Subject(s)
Endothelins/blood , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Tryptases/blood , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism , Prospective Studies , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/blood , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/blood
3.
PLoS One ; 10(5): e0126190, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25951297

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and the main risk factor for stroke, peripheral arterial disease, arterial aneurysms and kidney disease. It has been reported recently that hypertensive patients and animals are characterized by decreased density of arterioles and capillaries in the tissues, called rarefaction. Rarefaction significantly increases peripheral resistance which results in elevated blood pressure, leads to vessel damage and induction of inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that hypertension is associated with decreased serum concentration of physiological pro-angiogenic factors and concomitant increased production of angiogenesis inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 82 patients diagnosed with hypertension and 34 healthy volunteers were recruited to the study. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were used to measure serum levels of the following cytokines: endostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), angiogenin, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). RESULTS: Hypertensive patients were characterized by increased serum concentration of endostatin which is an anti-angiogenic factor. In addition, hypertension was associated with decreased levels of physiological pro-angiogenic mediators such as: angiogenin and bFGF. The hypertensive group was also characterized by elevated levels of CRP, VEGF and IL-8 that are the hallmarks of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Presented results show that hypertension is characterized by imbalance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in the background of inflammation.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/blood , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/blood , Hypertension/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Endostatins/blood , Female , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypertension/drug therapy , Interleukin-8/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/blood , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Young Adult
4.
Microvasc Res ; 82(1): 1-5, 2011 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21539846

ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss in young adults in developed countries. The disease therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents gives some positive results, but is associated with retinal ischemia and vasoconstriction. Therefore, determination of factors involved in the physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the diabetic eye is of great importance for understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its effective treatment. Previously, we found that diabetic patients were characterized by increased serum concentration of VEGF, but decreased levels of other proangiogenic factor-angiogenin. The involvement of VEGF in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is well established, but there is lack of data regarding angiogenin in retinopathy. Therefore, in the present study we measured angiogenin concentration in vitreous and serum samples of the patients with type 1 diabetes to determine its role in diabetic retinopathy. In addition, in each time, we compared the level of angiogenin with level of VEGF as a known factor involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Angiogenin was found to be significantly more abundant in serum than in vitreous in both diabetic groups. In addition, patients with retinopathy had twofold lower vitreous angiogenin levels than diabetic individuals without complications. On the contrary, vitreous concentration of VEGF was dramatically increased only in participants with retinopathy. Patients without diabetic complications had significantly lower VEGF levels in vitreous than in serum and were characterized by high local and systemic concentration of angiogenin. These data suggest a local imbalance between two proangiogenic factors-VEGF and angiogenin in retinopathy. Low vitreous concentration of angiogenin in diabetic patients suggests that this factor is not responsible for pathological neovascularization in diabetic eye. Further studies will elucidate if angiogenin can be used to improve the insufficient angiogenesis in diabetes and prevent retinal ischemia after retinopathy treatment with anti-VEGF agents.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Retinopathy/blood , Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/blood , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism , Vitreous Body/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Vitreoretinal Surgery
5.
Diabetes Care ; 33(8): 1829-30, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20484129

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Because diabetes is the most frequent factor responsible for microvascular and macrovascular disease, we investigated angiogenin serum levels within the diabetic patient group. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated 49 patients who met the criteria to be in the diabetic group. Forty nondiabetic patients were included in the control group. We set A1C <7% as well-controlled diabetes. Serum angiogenin level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Serum angiogenin levels of poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly lower than those of group with well-controlled diabetes (361.23 +/- 126.03 ng/ml vs. 446.37 +/- 134.10 ng/ml; P = 0.001). Moreover, they were characterized by a significantly longer duration of the disease (P = 0.006), higher BMI (P = 0.0003), and higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.01). Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL were not significantly different in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (A1C >7%) have lower angiogenin levels than patients with well-controlled diabetes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/blood , Adult , Aged , Blood Pressure , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
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