ABSTRACT
Increase in infection with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious global challenge in healthcare. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of causing human infection in various sites and complicates the infection due to its virulence factors. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin, a dietary flavonoid against the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and its cell protective effects on epithelial cells. Bactericidal activity, anti-biofilm activity and effect on different virulence factors were carried out using standard methods by using five P. aeruginosa isolates. Cytotoxicity and cell protective effect of quercetin was evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. All the tested isolates were completely inhibited (100%) by quercetin at a concentration of 500 µg ml-1 . It showed significant (P < 0·05) inhibitory effect on virulence factors including biofilm formation and showed significant protective effect on HEK 293T cells infected with P. aeruginosa strains. This study supports the role of quercetin against P. aeruginosa, by inhibiting virulence factors as well as its cytoprotective activity during bacterial infection either by attenuating the virulence or providing direct protective effect to the host cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The increase in infections caused by opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious concern in the health care system. This study describes the beneficial effects of a dietary flavonoid, quercetin against pathogenic P. aeruginosa strains and its protective effect against the P. aeruginosa infection in HEK 293T cells in vitro.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/growth & development , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development , Quercetin/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Cell Line , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Virulence , Virulence FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: This study was to evaluate saliva parameters of identical and non identical twins with their dental caries and oral hygiene status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the oral health status and investigate the salivary parameters of identical and nonidentical twins in Kodhini Village, Kerala. The WHO Oral Health Assessment Form was used to record the oral health status. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Gingival Bleeding Index were also included. Unstimulated saliva was collected. Immunoglobulin A levels in saliva was estimated by Turbidimetric Immunoassay. Salivary Cortisol was analysed using ELISA method. For TAC thiobarbituric acid reactive from Fenton's reaction. RESULTS: Since the absolute difference of the salivary parameters between the pairs of twins was not symmetrically distributed, we report median and interquartile range to describe these differences. There were no observed significant variations in the above salivary parameters. CONCLUSION: The similarity in their environmental factors as well as perhaps the similar genetic predisposition on salivary factors has led to the similarity in the dental caries experience in these twin children.
