Complicaciones tardías de la traqueotomía percutánea con la modalidad de dilatación con balón / Late complications of percutaneous tracheostomy using the balloon dilation technique

OBJETIVO: Analizar las complicaciones a largo plazo de los pacientes críticos que requirieron traqueotomía percutánea (TP) con el método de dilatación con balón. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, de cohorte. Ámbito: Dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalentes. PACIENTES: Adultos ventilados mecánicamente ingresados en UCI con indicación de TP. Intervención: En todos los pacientes se realizó TP mediante Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con guía endoscópica. Los pacientes decanulados vivos fueron evaluados clínicamente, así como mediante laringotraqueoscopia y tomografía axial computarizada cervical al cabo de al menos 6 meses tras la decanulación. VARIABLES: Complicaciones intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y tardías. Mortalidad intra-UCI y hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 114 pacientes. Las complicaciones intraoperatorias más frecuentes fueron la hemorragia leve (n=20) y la dificultad para insertar la cánula (n=19). Dos pacientes tuvieron complicaciones intraoperatorias graves (1,7%) (hemorragia e imposibilidad de finalización de la técnica, en un caso, y falsa vía y desaturación, en otro). Todos los pacientes decanulados vivos (n=52) fueron revisados a los 221±28 días tras la decanulación. Ningún paciente presentaba síntomas. La tomografía axial computarizada y la laringotraqueoscopia mostraron estenosis traqueal severa (>50%) en 2 pacientes (3,7%), ambos con periodos de canulación superiores a 100 días. CONCLUSIONES: La TP usando la técnica Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® con guía endoscópica es un procedimiento seguro. La estenosis traqueal grave es una complicación tardía que, aunque infrecuente, debe ser tenida en cuenta por su falta de expresividad clínica. Debería considerarse la evaluación de aquellos pacientes críticos que han sido traqueotomizados y han permanecido canulados durante periodos prolongados de tiempo

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the late complications in critically ill patients requiring percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) using the balloon dilation technique. DESIGN: A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. Scope: Two medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU). PATIENTS: All mechanically ventilated adult patients consecutively admitted to the ICU with an indication of tracheostomy. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent PT according to the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® method, with endoscopic guidance. Survivors were interviewed and evaluated by fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and tracheal computed tomography at least 6 months after decannulation. VARIABLES: Intraoperative, postoperative and long-term complications and mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were included. The most frequent perioperative complication was minor bleeding (n=20) and difficult cannula insertion (n=19). Two patients had severe perioperative complications (1.7%) (major bleeding and inability to complete de procedure in one case and false passage and desaturation in the other). All survivors (n=52) were evaluated 211±28 days after decannulation. None of the patients had symptoms. Fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and computed tomography showed severe tracheal stenosis (>50%) in 2patients (3.7%), both with a cannulation period of over 100 days. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® technique with an endoscopic guide is a safe procedure. Severe tracheal stenosis is a late complication which although infrequent, must be taken into account due to its lack of clinical expressiveness. Evaluation should be considered in those tracheostomized critical patients who have been cannulated for a long time

Late complications of percutaneous tracheostomy using the balloon dilation technique. / Complicaciones tardías de la traqueotomía percutánea con la modalidad de dilatación con balón.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the late complications in critically ill patients requiring percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) using the balloon dilation technique. DESIGN: A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. SCOPE: Two medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU). PATIENTS: All mechanically ventilated adult patients consecutively admitted to the ICU with an indication of tracheostomy. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent PT according to the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® method, with endoscopic guidance. Survivors were interviewed and evaluated by fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and tracheal computed tomography at least 6 months after decannulation. VARIABLES: Intraoperative, postoperative and long-term complications and mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were included. The most frequent perioperative complication was minor bleeding (n=20) and difficult cannula insertion (n=19). Two patients had severe perioperative complications (1.7%) (major bleeding and inability to complete de procedure in one case and false passage and desaturation in the other). All survivors (n=52) were evaluated 211±28 days after decannulation. None of the patients had symptoms. Fiberoptic laryngotracheoscopy and computed tomography showed severe tracheal stenosis (>50%) in 2patients (3.7%), both with a cannulation period of over 100 days. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Dolphin® technique with an endoscopic guide is a safe procedure. Severe tracheal stenosis is a late complication which although infrequent, must be taken into account due to its lack of clinical expressiveness. Evaluation should be considered in those tracheostomized critical patients who have been cannulated for a long time.