Comparison of the Root End Sealing Ability of Four Different Retrograde Filling Materials in Teeth with Root Apices Resected at Different Angles - An Invitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: Insufficient apical seal is the significant reason for surgical endodontic disappointment. The root-end filling material utilized should avoid egress of potential contaminants into periapical tissue. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of four root-end filling materials MTA, Portland cement, IRM, RMGIC in teeth with root apices resected at 0 and 45 angle using dye penetration method under fluorescent microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were sectioned horizontally at the cement-enamel junction. After cleaning, shaping and obturation with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, the tooth samples were randomly divided in two groups (the root apices resected at 0° and 45° to the long axis of the root). The root resections were carried out by removing 2 mm and 1 mm in both the groups. Following which 3 mm deep root-end cavities were prepared at the apices and the root were coated with nail varnish except the tip. The teeth in both the group were randomly divided into four subgroups each (Pro root MTA, Portland cement, IRM and Light cure nano GIC Ketac N-100). All the retrofilled samples were stored in acrydine orange for 24 hours after which they were cleaned and vertically sectioned buccolingually. The sectioned root samples were observed under fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: The root apex sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was superior to Portland cement, Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) and LC GIC. IRM demonstrated the maximum apical leakage value among all the materials. Portland cement and LC GIC showed comparable sealing ability. CONCLUSION: The angulation whether 0° or 45° angle did not affect the sealing ability of all the four materials used, MTA proved to be one of the superior materials for root-end filling.

An In-Vitro Comparison of Micro Leakage Between Two Posterior Composites Restored with Different Layering Techniques Using Two Different LED Modes.

AIM: Composite resins have undergone various advances since their introduction, but their polymerization shrinkage remains a problem. Shrinkage can cause debonding of the restoration and can contribute to postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, marginal staining and eventual failure of the restoration. So, our aim is to compare the effect of two different placement techniques and two different curing modes in reducing the marginal microleakage of two different composites in Class II cavities, where oblique and horizontal placement techniques and ramp & pulse curing modes of LED are used during the restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized slot preparations were prepared in 80 human multi-rooted teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups. Group A and B: Restored with Filtek P60 (3M, ESPE), Group C and D: Restored with Filtek P90 (3M, ESPE). All groups were further divided into sub-groups on basis of placement technique and curing mode. The samples were stored in distilled water, followed by thermocycling and immersed in 2% methylene blue. The samples were sectioned and evaluated for microleakage at the gingival margin with an optical stereomicroscope. RESULTS: P60 composite when placed in the cavity with oblique incremental technique and cured with ramp mode of LED showed highest mean microleakage. There is no significant difference between horizontal and oblique placement technique (p=0.80); Pulse-curing and the ramp-curing mode (p=0.62). CONCLUSION: In restoring deep class II cavities, the use of a low-shrink composite with the oblique placement technique and ramp curing mode of LED is recommended to overcome the problem of marginal microleakage.

Treatment of internal resorption with mineral trioxide aggregates: a case report.

Tooth resorption is a common sequel which follows injuries or irritation to the periodontal ligament and/or tooth pulp. The course of tooth resorption involves an elaborate interaction among inflammatory cells, resorbing cells, and hard tissue structures. The key cells which are involved in resorption are multi-nucleated giant cells. Internal root resorptions are usually non-symptomatic and they are discovered occasionally through periapical radiographs, which reveal very defined and regular outlines. Many techniques and materials have been used to fill internal resorptive defects. Among them, Mineral Trioxide Aggregates (MTAs) have satisfactory properties, which include: biocompatibility, a favourable sealing ability, mechanical strength and a capacity to promote a periradicular tissue healing. Thus, a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) repair of a maxillary left central incisor tooth with an inflammatory resorptive defect, in the middle third of the root canal, has been reported here.