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1.
Eur J Surg Oncol ; 29(10): 831-4, 2003 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14624772

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Tamoxifen is widely used as adjuvant therapy in receptor positive post menopausal breast cancer. Little is known about its efficacy as neo adjuvant therapy in terms of breast conservation and improved survival. METHODS: We analyzed the tumour response to 20-30 mg Tamoxifen for 6 months in post menopausal patients with oestrogen receptor positive tumours. Treatment included Tamoxifen for 6 months, surgical resection, and irradiation for post menopausal patients refusing initial mastectomy; aged > or =70 years; or with other factors delaying surgery. RESULTS: Between April 1994 and June 1998, 102 patients, age 73+/-87 (54-90) were studied. There were 24 T1, 56 T2, 14 T3, and 8 T4 tumours. Clinical response to Tamoxifen was observed in all patients, with a median size reduction from 31+/-15 (9-70) to 16+/-9 mm (0-50), 15 clinical and 6 complete responses. 88/102 patients were treated conservatively. Radiotherapy was given to 80 and a flash technique to 8 patients. All patients but one are still alive. CONCLUSION: Neo adjuvant Tamoxifen in operable post menopausal ER positive breast cancer is associated with a good clinical response rate and facilitates conservative surgery. Tamoxifen has a valuable role as neo-adjuvant treatment in terms of breast conservation and survival.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Mastectomy , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Postmenopause , Treatment Outcome
2.
Ann Chir ; 125(3): 253-8, 2000 Apr.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10829505

ABSTRACT

STUDY AIM: Sentinel node detection in breast cancer can be realized with colorimetric and isotopic procedures often associated. The aim of this study was to report results obtained with blue dye injection only. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From September 1998 to July 1999, blue dye injection was performed in 73 consecutive patients (mean age: 51 years, range: 36-71 years); 51/70 70% were post-menopausal and half of them were under substitute hormonal treatment; 70% of cancers were discovered through routine mammography. There were 12 bilateral cancers, six of them synchronous, and 84% of cancers were located in the external quadrants. Individualization of sentinel node was performed through blue dye injection into the tumor in case of preoperative diagnosis or in the tumoral site in case of discovery of the cancer through extemporaneous histological examination. RESULTS: 71 out of 73 cancers were classified pT1 and 70% measured 10 mm and over. Individualization of sentinel node failed in two obese patients. Sentinel node invasion concerned one node (n = 7), two nodes (n = 1) and three nodes (n = 1). Conservative treatment was performed in 72 patients out of 73; in case of sentinel node invasion, axillary irradiation was performed without reoperation. CONCLUSION: Blue dye injection for sentinel node individualization is an accurate technique in selected patients in case of small tumors. Reoperation can be avoided and replaced by axillary irradiation in case of N+ tumors. Duration of hospitalization was 48 hours or under in 70/73 patients. Nevertheless isotopic procedure must be recommended as a routine technique in learning centers and for most surgical teams.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Coloring Agents , Female , Humans , Injections , Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Int J Cancer ; 81(5): 712-8, 1999 May 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10328221

ABSTRACT

Only half of colorectal-cancer patients elicit serum antibodies in response to intratumoral p53-gene mutations. Our study was designed to compare cellular events (p53-protein accumulation and gene mutations) with the presence of circulating anti-p53 antibodies (p53-Ab). Thirty-five colorectal-cancer patients were studied for their intratumoral p53-protein accumulation and circulating p53-Ab. Tumour DNA was analyzed for genomic mutations in a sub-set of 28 patients. In all, 18 tumours (51.4%) were positive by immunohistochemistry, and 17 tumour extracts were shown to contain "mutant" conformation p53 protein, 16 of them being were concordant by both methods. Of the 28 tumours tested by DGGE, 16 contained alterations in p53 exons 5 to 8 (57.1%). Of 12 tumours without detectable mutations, 10 were "mutant"-conformation-negative by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Paradiploid tumors presented more frequently wild-type p53 genes and were significantly less frequently immunohistochemistry- or p53-Ab-positive than polyploid tumors. Circulating p53-Ab were detected in the serum of 11 patients (31%). In 9/11 cases, a gene mutation was found in the corresponding tumour. Three of four mutations in exon 8 and 3/3 mutations in exons 5-6 were associated with p53-Ab, in contrast with only 3/9 mutations in exon 7. We found good agreement in the detection of p53-gene alterations by different methods. However, our data suggest that all gene mutations may not be equivalent in term of immunogenicity.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Antibodies, Neoplasm/blood , Colorectal Neoplasms , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/immunology , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , DNA Mutational Analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Polyploidy , Prospective Studies , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/immunology , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
4.
Oncol Rep ; 6(3): 699-703, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10203618

ABSTRACT

The paradox of an excess breast cancer incidence among current users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) without excess in breast cancer mortality raises the question of possible differences in the clinical and biological characteristics of cancers in current HRT users compared to non-users. A consecutive series of 129 post-menopausal patients under HRT for at least 6 months, in whom an operable breast cancer was diagnosed from January 1992 to December 1996, were identified retrospectively. In most cases women had received combination HRT (estrogen and progestative) and the mean duration was 60.4 (range: 6-360) months. Breast cancers diagnosed in post-menopausal patients during 1992-1993 at the Institut Curie constituted the reference series. Cancers in patients receiving HRT were smaller: 78% versus 32% T1 and 12 mm in larger diameter versus 29.5 mm. They were also more often diagnosed radiologically (49 versus 33%). A second group of 420 post-menopausal breast cancer patients whose samples had been referred for steroid hormone receptor and flow cytometric analysis in 1992-1996 were used for comparing biological and pathological information. Cancers of patients receiving HRT tended to be more often grade I and rarely grade III in the Scarf Bloom Richardson classification. Percentage of cells in S-phase as measured by flow cytometry was considerably lower in HRT users compared to control (mean 2.4 versus 3.7, median 2.2 versus 2. 6). Lymph node invasion, ploidy, and steroid hormone receptor expression did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. This apparently more favourable phenotype of breast cancers diagnosed in post-menopausal patients receiving HRT compared to unselected non-HRT users was not confirmed when analysis was restricted to breast cancers of less than 25 mm in diameter. If, as expected, the phenotypic information bears out in terms of prognosis, this may contribute to overcome the reticence in prescribing HRT due to the increased risk of breast cancer. However, it is still not clear whether the biologically less aggressive phenotype is related to the hormone treatment or is simply due to early detection.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Postmenopause/physiology , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Estradiol/adverse effects , Estradiol/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Phenotype , Progesterone/adverse effects , Progesterone/therapeutic use , Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
5.
Oncogene ; 18(3): 775-81, 1999 Jan 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9989828

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the chromosomal alterations involved in the acquisition of PALA resistance of LoVo colorectal cancer cells homozygous for wild-type TP53 before and after transfection with a 143Ala-mutated TP53 gene. PALA resistance was always associated with an increased number of CAD gene copies, but gene amplification sensu stricto was rarely observed. Interestingly, distinct chromosome patterns were found in relation to the TP53 status of the cells. In parental LoVo cells, the CAD copy number was increased through gains of normal chromosome 2 whereas in transfectant clones, resistance mostly occurred through chromosome rearrangements. The relationship with the two different cytogenetic patterns described in colorectal tumors is discussed.


Subject(s)
Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Chromosome Aberrations , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Phosphonoacetic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Aspartic Acid/pharmacology , Drug Resistance , Gene Rearrangement , Humans , Phosphonoacetic Acid/pharmacology , Transfection , Tumor Cells, Cultured
7.
Cytometry ; 31(1): 60-6, 1998 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9450526

ABSTRACT

Immunochemical methods were developed for the optimal detection and characterization of total cellular p53 protein expression, both in the nuclear-attached and soluble fractions of colorectal cancers, in order to improve the correlation between protein deregulation and gene status. Seventy colorectal carcinomas were studied using 3 monoclonal antibodies in a sensitive analyzing system combining flow cytometry (nuclear-bound fraction) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; soluble fraction). DNA indices were calculated on the DNA histograms and mutations of the p53 gene were searched for in a subset of 41 cases. Three p53 expression patterns were found: 35 tumors were classified as pattern "A," characterized by high p53 expression including "mutant" conformation and missense mutations of the gene (16/17 cases tested), pattern "B" consisted of 15 tumors with total absence of p53 expression corresponding to nonsense mutations of the gene (8/9 cases tested), and pattern "C" of 20 tumors presenting low or undetectable nuclear-bound p53 but intermediate p53 protein content (pAb (1801+) in the soluble fraction. The latter pattern was associated with wild-type genes (14/15 cases tested), and with tumors that were often localized in the right colon compared to pattern "A" and "B" tumors (45% versus 8%, P < 0.009) and were frequently near-diploid (80% versus 29%, P < 0.0002). No correlation was found between tumor stage and the patterns of p53 expression. The results indicate that both flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA seem necessary for the proper characterization of the p53 expression pattern, thus achieving a high degree of concordance with molecular analysis of gene mutations.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/chemistry , Colorectal Neoplasms/chemistry , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Mutation , Phenotype
8.
Cytometry ; 31(1): 67-73, 1998 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9450527

ABSTRACT

This is a report from the Kananaskis working group on quantitative methods in tumour heterogeneity. Tumour progression is currently believed to result from genetic instability and consequent acquisition of new genetic properties in some of the tumour cells. Cross-sectional assessment of genetic markers for human tumours requires quantifiable measures of intratumour heterogeneity for each parameter or characteristic observed; the relevance of heterogeneity to tumour progression can best be ascertained by repeated assessment along a tumour progressional time line. This paper outlines experimental and analytic considerations that, with repeated use, should lead to a better understanding of tumour heterogeneity, and hence, to improvements in patient diagnosis and therapy. Four general principles were agreed upon at the Symposium: (1) the concept of heterogeneity requires a quantifiable definition so that it can be assessed repeatably; (2) the quantification of heterogeneity is necessary so that testable hypotheses may be formulated and checked to determine the degree of support from observed data; (3) it is necessary to consider (a) what is being measured, (b) what is currently measurable, and (c) what should be measured; and (4) the proposal of working models is a useful step that will assist our understanding of the origins and significance of heterogeneity in tumours. The properties of these models should then be studied so that hypotheses may be refined and validated.


Subject(s)
Genetic Heterogeneity , Genetic Markers , Neoplasms/genetics , Disease Progression , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Neoplasms/pathology , Reproducibility of Results
9.
Eur J Cancer ; 33(4): 581-6, 1997 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9274438

ABSTRACT

We studied the correlation of S-phase fraction (SPF) with clinical outcome in 127 pre- or perimenopausal patients with breast cancers treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy from October 1986 to June 1990. When the patients were analysed using the median value of the SPF as a threshold, there was a small but non-significant difference in favour of low SPF tumours for metastasis-free survival. SPF was the only parameter predicting overall survival in multivariate analysis (P < 0.002) which included T, N, histopathological grade and steroid hormone receptors. The results of metastasis-free survival contrasted with previous analyses with shorter follow-up, so we tested the time-dependent influence of SPF on prognosis. It was thus shown that SPF significantly predicts metastasis-free survival only during the first 30 months, whereas the relative risk of cancer-related death according to SPF remains significant for 56 months. In order to find an explanation for the difference in predictivity between metastasis-free survival and overall survival, we studied the post-relapse survival. Significantly shorter survival (median 12 months) was associated with tumours presenting pre-treatment high SPF values, compared to the low SPF group for which 60% of the patients were still alive after 30 months of metastasis phase (P = 0.002). Our current results, in a homogeneous series with a median follow-up of over 5 years, emphasise the importance of proliferation-related parameters for breast cancer management.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , S Phase , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Survival Rate
10.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 93(1): 63-73, 1997 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9062582

ABSTRACT

Since the mid-1980s, research in the field of colorectal carcinogenesis has seen a series of breakthroughs such, as the process of loss of heterozygosity for large chromosomal segments and the consequent characterization of a series of suppressor genes considered to be the targets of the allelic deletions. More recently, a new perspective has been opened, with the discovery of germinal mutations of genes involved in mismatch repair in certain inherited forms of the disease. Through the retrospective analysis of our data on colorectal adenomas and cancers, we have tried to critically reassess a number of theoretical considerations relating to the instability of the genome viewed at the chromosome level and its consequence on tumor progression.


Subject(s)
Adenoma/genetics , Carcinoma/genetics , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Chromosome Deletion , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosome Disorders , Female , Genes, p53/genetics , Humans , Male , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Middle Aged
11.
Int J Oncol ; 10(4): 747-52, 1997 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21533440

ABSTRACT

One hundred and eighty-one breast cancer specimens were analyzed for nuclear p53 staining by immunochemical methods. There were 123 fine-needle cytological specimens and 58 frozen tissue sections of surgical biopsies. The microscopic evaluation of the staining fitted with a 4 group classification. Ninety-one samples (50.6%) were devoid of any staining (-), while 42 (23.3%) showed only few stained nuclei (+/-), typically around 1%. Thirty-two (17.8%) samples presented with strong nuclear staining (++) which in practically all cases concerned more than 50% of the nuclei, but a few cases showed staining heterogeneity. A further 17 cases (9.4%) presented with nuclear staining which concerned 10-20% of the cancer cells (+). This four class system was used to compare p53 expression with other prognostic parameters. A strong inverse correlation was observed with steroid hormone receptor content and p53 positivity was highly significantly associated with higher S-phase. All but one of the highly positive cases were aneuploid. Twenty-five percent (29/120) of the aneuploid tumors were strongly stained and a further 10% were considered positive (+). On the other hand, only 5 out of 59 DNA-diploid tumors were considered as + and one ++. The DNA index distribution according to p53 positivity showed peaks of positivity for hypodiploid, triploid and hypertetraploid values. Negative tumors were in all regards similar to those with only few stained nuclei, in particular mean S-phases of 2.8 and 3.3% respectively. Altogether, the typical strong p53 phenotype concerned a DNA-aneuploid tumor with above median S-phase fraction (mean of 7.1%), negative steroid hormone receptors and cytoprognostic index III. The p53 positive cases (+), were frequently steroid hormone receptor positive and had on the average intermediate S-phase fractions (4.3%). The proportion of immunochemical positivity (27% in our series), is compatible with the published frequency of p53 mutations detected in breast cancers, but the differences in the phenotype according to the level of positivity should be further investigated.

12.
Oncogene ; 12(4): 875-82, 1996 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8632910

ABSTRACT

The LoVo colon carcinoma cell line that presents two wild type p53 alleles was used as the recipient for a series of transfections with p53 expression vectors coding for wild-type or three different mutants (143ala, 175his or 273his). The parental cell line as well as all clones that had rearranged the plasmid with consequent loss of p53 c-DNA were readily blocked at the G1/S boundary following 10 Gy of irradiation. For each mutation two clones with different levels of mutant protein expression were selected. Confirmation of the integration of the exogenous sequence was obtained by the expression of the mutant m-RNA, established by reverse transcription and DGGE or Southern blot. Flow cytometric measurements of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation revealed a total G1/S block of the 143ala transfectants, similarly to the parental and control transfectant cells, but little or no cell cycle block for the 175his and 273his clones. Although it has been shown in vitro that all three mutations interfere with transcriptional activation by the wild-type protein, not only did we observe p53 protein induction and nuclear accumulation following irradiation, but WAF-1/CIP-1 m-RNA was increased in some of the clones for which the G1/S block was abolished. Our results show that mutant p53 proteins are to some extent submitted to the control of the cellular environment in cancer cells with wild type p53 alleles, but with an efficacy that depends on the mutation.


Subject(s)
Cell Cycle/radiation effects , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Gene Expression , Genes, p53 , Point Mutation , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis , Alanine , Base Sequence , Blotting, Western , Cell Line , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 , Cyclins/metabolism , DNA Primers , DNA, Complementary/analysis , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Exons , G1 Phase , Histidine , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/analysis , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , S Phase , Transfection , Tumor Cells, Cultured
14.
Eur J Cancer ; 31A(12): 1969-75, 1995 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8562150

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate correlations between clinical response to chemotherapy and outcome in a subgroup analysis of premenopausal patients with tumours considered too large for breast conserving surgery, treated with primary chemotherapy (n = 200) from a previously published trial (Scholl S.M., Fourquet A., Asselain B, et al. Eur J Cancer 1994, 30A, 645-652). Objective response rates amounted to 65% following four courses. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, comparing seven parameters, the following variables were associated with poor survival: clinically involved nodes [N1b:RR: 2.7 (95% CI 1.3-5.3)], the failure to respond to chemotherapy [D:RR: 2.62 (95% CI 1.3-5)] and a raised S phase fraction [SPF > 5%: RR: 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-5)]. Parameters associated with increased metastatic recurrence rates, by order of entry in the model, were: young age [< 35: RR: 2.46 (95% CI 1.2-5)], large clinical tumour size [T3: RR: 2.02 (95% CI 1.2-3.4)], poor histological grade (SBR III: RR: 1.93 (95% CI 1.1-3.3)] and the failure to respond to chemotherapy [D: RR: 1.91 (95% CI 1-3.4)]. The assessment of both tumour cell proliferation rates as well as possibly drug resistance markers (although not available in the present study) should be helpful in selecting patients likely to benefit from intensified chemotherapy regimens. The most accurate predictor of response in the present study appeared to be the response to chemotherapy treatment itself.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Mastectomy , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
15.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 34(1): 25-33, 1995 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7749157

ABSTRACT

The influence of age on the occurrence of phenotypic features of prognostic significance was studied in relation to the DNA index values, measured on DNA histograms from a series of 1019 breast cancer patients. Globally, the distributions of all parameters showed variations with age, the most prominent being the decreases in the percentage of estrogen receptor-negative and high proliferative activity cases with increasing age. When analyzed according to the DNA index classes, all parameters were found to some extent linked with the stage of genetic evolution. However, the associations varied with age, defining two extreme groups. The younger patients (less than 40 years) presented a more complete acquisition of the 'aggressive' phenotype and near-triploid tumors from this group were very frequently steroid hormone receptor-negative, high proliferation, and grade III. By contrast, near-triploid tumors in patients above 65 presented relatively frequently as receptor-positive, low proliferative activity, and even grade I. The correlation of the proliferative status with steroid hormone receptor content led to similar conclusions, high proliferation being more strongly correlated with the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in younger patients. Interestingly, the association between high proliferation and negative progesterone receptors was much weaker in patients above 55. Our results suggest that the currently established biological prognostic factors, including DNA profile, steroid hormone receptors, and histopathological grade, show patterns of association which vary with age. Of these, only progesterone receptor could be influenced by menopausal status. These findings have to be taken into consideration for future prognostic factor-related treatment decisions, but also for future methodological improvements of multivariate survival analyses.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Receptors, Estrogen/analysis , Adult , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/chemistry , Cell Division , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Ploidies , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Statistics as Topic
16.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer ; 12(4): 272-6, 1995 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7539281

ABSTRACT

The DNA-repeat [(CA)n] instability of colorectal cancer cells was studied relative to our previously defined classification based on chromosome alterations. Of the 23 tumors analyzed, 13 belonged to the "monosomic" type (MT) characterized by simultaneous loss of chromosome 18 and chromosome arm 17p, and many structural rearrangements, 7 to the "trisomic" type (TT) with many chromosome gains but few rearrangements, and 3 had a normal karyotype (NT). (CA)n repeat sequences were examined on chromosomes 2, 5, 11, 13, 18, and 20. We found sequence alterations in 12 tumors at 1 or several loci, 9 of which (1/13 MT, 5/7 TT, and 3/3 NT) exhibited a typical shift in allele size defined as microsatellite instability. Furthermore, a single alteration was observed for the MT tumor, whereas one NT tumor displayed instability on two and all the other tumors on three or more loci. These results suggest an inverse relationship between the occurrence of chromosome structural rearrangements and microsatellite instability, providing another argument for the subdivision of colorectal cancers into groups of distinct oncogenic pathways.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics , DNA, Satellite/genetics , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rectal Neoplasms/genetics
18.
Bull Cancer ; 82(1): 10-21, 1995 Jan.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7742609

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this review is to study the literature concerning normal colon and colorectal cancer for evidencing that the location of the primary proximal or distal tumor may determine two categories of carcinogenesis. The proximal or distal normal colon can be considered as two different organs. Their embryologic origins are different, the splenic flexure starts the distal segment. Antigenic pattern as well as the use of metabolic pathways, such as that of glucose, butyrate and polyamines differ. Epidemiologic, macroscopic and histological features and the inherited and acquired genetic abnormalities allow in some cases to distinguish between two types of cancer according to their proximal or distal location. These two forms are not entirely different and these features can overlap. However the recognition of these two different forms of colon cancer, must be taken in account for clinical or basic research and evaluation of data.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Mapping , Colon/immunology , Colon/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colonic Neoplasms/genetics , DNA, Satellite/genetics , Genetic Markers , Humans , Middle Aged , Mutation , Sex Factors
19.
J Chir (Paris) ; 131(11): 511-6, 1994 Nov.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7860692

ABSTRACT

The prognosis of colorectal cancer has been based essentially on pathological data for many years. The analysis of genetic anomalies has led to fundamental progress and clinical advances. Genetic anomalies are routinely studied. 1--Flowcytometry evaluates the quantity of DNA in the nucleus during the cell cycle. 2--Cytogentics is the study of karyotype anomalies by loss or gain of chromosome material and structural changes. 3--Molecular biology gives a means of recognizing chromosome losses and especially to study oncogenic or antioncogenic mutations. These analyses allow: 1--an evaluation of their value as a prognosis factor and thus their use for indicating adjuvant medical and/or surgical treatments. 2--an understanding of cancerogenic processes. 3--the development of future therapeutic techniques based on a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. 4--familial counselling in high risk families and an examination of responsible or favouring genes in certain familial cancers. Research into familial forms has recently led led to the demonstration of genetic alterations located on chromosomes 1 and 2. These anomalies called RER correspond to alterations found on tumors. Studying these alterations will allow better prediction of high risk subjects in cancer families without polyposis.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Cytogenetics , DNA, Neoplasm/analysis , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Oncogenes/genetics , Prognosis
20.
Presse Med ; 23(20): 928-30, 1994 May 28.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7937628

ABSTRACT

Progress in detecting genetic anomalies with proven prognostic value in colorectal cancers offers a means of selecting adjuvant therapy with the best probability of success. Several methods are currently used. With flow cytometry, a significant correlation between primary tumour ploidy and hepatic metastasis has been demonstrated. Caryotypes of tumour cells provides a means of exposing segmental or total chromosome loss and subsequent classification leads to a better understanding of tumour heterogeneity. New techniques in molecular biology are used to describe mutations. Monoclonal antibodies can then be developed against the epitopes involved. Based on these different methods clinicians and fundamentalists can analyse treatment results with more precision and thus adopt the most effective treatment protocol.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 , Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality , Genes, p53/genetics , Humans , Oncogenes/genetics
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