ABSTRACT
Meteorological factors may influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Due to the small number of time series studies, the relative importance of seasonality and meteorological factors is still being debated. From March 2020 to April 2021, we evaluated the impact of meteorological factors on the transmission of COVID-19 in Chennai, India. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic spreads over the year is critical to developing public health strategies. Correlation models were used to examine the influence of meteorological factors on the transmission of COVID-19. The results revealed seasonal variations in the number of COVID-19-infected people. COVID-19 transmission was greatly aggravated by temperature, wind speed, nitric oxide (NO) and barometric pressure (BP) during summer seasons, whereas wind speed and BP aggravated COVID-19 transmission during rainy seasons. Furthermore, PM 2.5, NO and BP aggravated COVID-19 transmission during winter seasons. However, their relationships fluctuated seasonally. Our research shows that seasonal influences must be considered when developing effective interventions.
ABSTRACT
Metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, etc., have many benefits and have been in use for a very long time. Nevertheless, a number of concerns have been raised about the environmental impact and the possibility of exposure to various living systems at the moment. Thus, in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using plant gum from Bauhinia purpurea and characterization was done using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, etc. To determine the accumulation and toxic effects caused by the nanoparticles, Eudrilus eugeniae, Danio rerio, and their embryos were exposed to the synthesized silver nanoparticles and evaluated using microscopic observation, histology, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
ABSTRACT
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy basically occurs among children below five. Certain ocular treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are more likely to cause side effects. Here, a rapid method of synthesising silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata and its cytotoxic efficacy against the retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines was studied. The AgNPs synthesis was determined by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and was further characterised by X-ray diffraction, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy techniques. The synthesised AgNPs were found to be very stable and finely dispersed. The total phenolic content of the synthesised AgNPs was estimated at 43±2.52â mg/g gallic acid equivalent and the nanoparticles exhibited good scavenging activity analysed by 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay. Moreover, cytotoxicity of synthesised AgNPs against in vitro retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines showed a dose-dependent response with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 10.5â µg/mL. These results suggest that AgNPs could be a promising anticancer agent with enhanced activity in ocular treatment.
