[Medium and Long-term Carbon Emission Projections and Emission Reduction Potential Analysis of the Lingang Special Area Based on the LEAP Model].

Based on the existing statistical data of the Lingang Special Area in Shanghai and considering its future socio-economic development， industrial structure， and technological development， a LEAP-Lingang model was developed to analyze the evolution trends of energy demand and carbon emissions under the baseline scenario， low-carbon scenario， and enhanced low-carbon scenario. To enhance the prediction accuracy of the model， the Logistic population growth model was used to predict future population data， and the learning curve model was used to simulate the cost evolution trend of related carbon reduction technologies. In addition， an economic evaluation model for carbon reduction technologies was developed， and the economic costs and emission reduction potential of typical carbon reduction technologies were evaluated by drawing a marginal emission reduction cost curve. The results showed that under the enhanced low-carbon scenario， the renewable energy accounted for 69% of the primary energy consumption， and the electric energy accounted for 91% of the terminal energy demand in 2060. The Lingang Special Area could achieve carbon peak by 2030， and the carbon emissions in 2060 were predicted to decrease by 94% compared to that in the baseline scenario. In terms of contribution to emission reduction， clean energy substitution， industrial structure optimization， and terminal energy efficiency improvement played a key role in reducing carbon emissions near the port. In the medium term （until 2035）， they were predicted to contribute 35.1%， 27.3%， and 16.2% of carbon emissions， respectively， and in the long term （until 2060）， they should contribute 50.6%， 8.75%， and 7.7% of carbon emissions， respectively. Regarding specific carbon reduction technologies， hydrogen power generation； water electrolysis for hydrogen； and carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS） technology were of great significance for achieving net-zero emissions， but the costs of emission reduction were relatively high. The research results can provide ideas and references for the low-carbon and green development of the Lingang Special Area and related areas.

Ferroptosis inhibition attenuates inflammatory response in mice with acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis is involved in developing inflammatory diseases; yet, its role in acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) remains unclear. AIM: To explore whether ferroptosis is involved in the process of HTGP and elucidate its potential mechanisms. METHODS: An HTGP mouse model was induced using intraperitoneal injection of P-407 and caerulein (CAE). Then, pancreatic tissues from the model animals were subjected to proteome sequencing analysis. The pathological changes and scores of the pancreas, lung, and kidney were determined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of serum amylase (AMY), triglyceride, and total cholesterol were measured with an automatic blood cell analyzer. Additionally, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ß were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and Fe2+ were detected in the pancreas. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Proteome sequencing revealed that ferroptosis was involved in the process of HTGP and that NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 may participate in ferroptosis regulation. Moreover, the levels of serum AMY, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß were significantly increased, MDA and Fe2+ were upregulated, GSH and ferroptosis-related proteins were reduced, and the injury of the pancreas, lung, and kidney were aggravated in the P407 + CAE group compared to CAE and wild type groups (all P < 0.05). Notably, the inhibition of ferroptosis and NOX2 attenuated the pathological damage and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in the serum of the mice. CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis was found to have an important role in HTGP and may be considered a potential target for clinical treatment.

Analysis of Related Factors for the Retention Time of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Pediatrics.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the related factors for the retention time of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in infants and children, to provide help for the assessment of the disease, surgical risk, and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 1060 patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies from January 2015 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied, and the correlation of the retention time of foreign bodies with age, gender, preoperative complications, granulation formation, operation time, and hospital stay was analyzed. RESULTS: The retention time of foreign bodies was not correlated with age (r = 0.041, P = 0.194) and gender (r = 0.039, P = 0.214) but was correlated with preoperative complications (r = 0.072, P = 0.023), granulation formation (r = 0.134, P < 0.001), operation time (r = 0.112, P < 0.001), and hospital stay (r = 0.189, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The retention time of foreign bodies was closely correlated with granulation formation, preoperative complications, operation time, and hospital stay.

Efficacy and Safety of Generic Dasatinib as a Second-line Treatment for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Hubei Province, China.

Dasatinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and it could be used as a second-line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Yinishu, a generic dasatinib made in China, was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration in 2013 and it costs much less than the patented dasatinib SPRYCEL. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of Yinishu as a second-line treatment for CML by comparing the baseline clinical characteristics, rates of adverse events and efficacy between Yinishu and SPRYCEL groups. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the rates of optimal response between Yinishu and SPRYCEL for patients who started second-line treatment because of treatment failure. For patients who started second-line treatment because of intolerance of first-line treatment, their levels of BCR-ABL1/ABL1 on the international scale (BCR-ABLIS) was maintained very low throughout the course of Yinishu treatment. Drug-related adverse events occurred with the same frequency in these two groups. It was confirmed that Yinishu was effective and safe as a secondline treatment for CML patients. Yinishu may be more suitable for patients who are economically unable to pay for the patented dasatinib SPRYCEL.

Correlative factors for the location of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in infants and children.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyze factors related to the location of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in infants and children, and provide help in the assessment of the disease, surgical risk and prognosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 1,060 pediatric patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies diagnosed from January 2015 to December 2015 were retrospectively studied, the association of the location of the foreign bodies with age, gender, granulation formation, chest computed tomography and 3D reconstruction results, preoperative complications, operation time, and hospital stay was analyzed. RESULTS: The location of foreign bodies was not correlated with age, gender, operation time and length of hospital stay, but was correlated to granulation formation, chest computed tomography and 3D reconstruction results, and preoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The location of foreign bodies was correlated to granulation formation, the location of foreign bodies displayed by chest computed tomography, and preoperative complications.

Incidence and risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis in chronic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Almost all studies on post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) have mainly involved patients with biliary diseases rather than chronic pancreatitis (CP), and the concept that CP seems to be a protective factor associated with PEP has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of PEP in patients with CP at different clinical stages and to identify the predictive and protective factors of PEP in a large cohort. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, medical records of patients with CP (CP group) and biliary diseases (BD group) in a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to May 2015 were examined. The difference in the incidence of PEP between CP group and BD group and the risk of PEP at different clinical stages of CP were calculated by the χ2 test or the Fisher exact test. The predictive and protective factors for PEP were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In total, 2028 ERCP procedures were performed in 1301 patients with CP and 2000 procedures in 1655 patients with BD. The overall incidence of PEP in CP group (4.5%) was similar to that in the BD group (4.8%; P = .747). However, CP patients had significantly lower rates of moderate and severe attacks (0% vs 1.3%, P < .01). According to the M-ANNHEIM classification, the PEP incidences of CP at stages 0, I, II, III, and IV were 4.4%, 5.1%, 3.8%, 2.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. CP patients at stage Ia had the highest PEP incidence (8.0%) among all CP patients, significantly higher than that at stages Ib + Ic (3.9%) and II (3.8%). Female gender, history of acute pancreatitis, and prior PEP were independent risk factors of PEP, whereas extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with BD patients, CP patients had similar incidence of PEP overall but lower grades of severity. The incidence of PEP in CP patients decreased significantly with disease progression. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02781987.).

Puerarin attenuates severe burn-induced acute myocardial injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Puerarin, the main isoflavone glycoside extracted from the root of Pueraria lobata, is widely prescribed for patients with cardiovascular disorders in China. This study investigates the effect of puerarin on severe burn-induced acute myocardial injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) sham group, sham burn treatment; (2) burn group, third-degree burns over 30% of the total body surface area (TBSA) with lactated Ringer's solution for resuscitation; and (3) burn plus puerarin group, third-degree burns over 30% of TBSA with lactated Ringer's solution containing puerarin for resuscitation. The burned animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after burn injury. Myocardial injury was evaluated by analyzing serum creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTNT) level. Changes in cardiomyocyte ultrastructure were also determined using a transmission electron microscope. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay. Cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured to determine neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the heart, respectively. The expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in the heart was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: After the 30% TBSA full-thickness burn injury, serum CK-MB activities and cTnT levels increased markedly, both of which were significantly decreased by the puerarin treatment. The level of serum TNF-α concentration in burn group at each time-point was obviously higher than those in sham group (1.09±0.09 ng/ml), and it reached the peak value at 12 h post burn. Burn trauma also resulted in worsen ultrastructural condition, elevated MPO activity and MDA content in heart tissue, and a significant activation of cardiac p38 MAP kinase. Administration of puerarin improved the ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, decreased TNF-α concentration in serum as well as suppressed cardiac MPO activity and reduced MDA content, and abolished the activation of p38 MAP kinase in heart tissue after severe burn. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that puerarin attenuates inflammatory responses, reduces neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the heart, and protects against acute myocardial injury induced by severe burn.

Intravenous Injections of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulated the Redox State in a Rat Model of Radiation Myelopathy.

The main aim of the present study was to assess the antioxidative effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) in a rat model of radiation myelopathy. UC-MSCs were isolated from Wharton's jelly (WJ) of umbilical cords. An irradiated cervical spinal cord rat model (C2-T2 segment) was generated using a (60)Co irradiator to deliver 30 Gy of radiation. UC-MSCs were injected through the tail vein at 90 days, 97 days, 104 days, and 111 days after-irradiation. Histological damage was examined by cresyl violet/Nissl staining. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the spinal cord were measured by the biomedical assay. In addition, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in the spinal cord were determined by ELISA methods. Multiple injections of UC-MSCs through the tail vein ameliorated neuronal damage in the spinal cord, increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and GPX, and increased the levels of VEGF and Ang-2 in the spinal cord. Our results suggest that multiple injections of UC-MSCs via the tail vein in the rat model of radiation myelopathy could significantly improve the antioxidative microenvironment in vivo.

[Study on the preparation and properties of novel silica microporous antireflective coating by sol-gel process].

Silica sol was prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor and dimethyldietoxysilane (DDS) as pore-forming agent. A novel kind of monolayer microporous silica anti-reflective (AR) coating was obtained on K9 glass substrate by dip-coating technique and then heat treated at 500 degrees C. The effects of different DDS/TEOS molar ratios on refractive index, transmittance and hardness were investigated. A positive correlation was found between the transmittance and the DDS/TEOS molar ratio due to the increasing porosity. The maximum transmittance can reach 99.7% with the molar ratio of DDS/TEOS rising to 1 : 1. Meanwhile, the refractive index was found quite close to the ideal value 1.22. Nevertheless, higher molar ratio will lead to a bad film-forming property. On the other hand, the hardness of the coatings decreased with the DDS increasing but still remained more than 2 h when the transmittance reached highest. Besides, these coatings exhibit a well abrasion-resistance and excellent adhesivity. The maximum transmittance was only dropped by 0.071% and 0.112% after abrasion for 500 and 1 000 times respectively. Accelerated corrosion tests indicated that the transmittance of traditional coatings rapidly fell down to the substrate level (-92%) after immersion for 5 min, while the transmittance of our novel coating almost linearly decreased and was kept 93.2% after 56 min. In other words, the environment-resistance of our novel silica AR coating is ten times higher than that of traditional ones. The promotions of the coating performances benefit from its micropore structure (-0. 4 nm) with which water molecule can be effectively prevented. With its high transmittance, good mechanical properties and high environment-resistance, this kind of novel coating has a potential application in the field of solar glass modification to improve its anti-reflective properties.

Involvement of nuclear factor kappa B in high-fat diet-related pancreatic fibrosis in rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: High-fat diets contribute to pancreatic fibrogenesis, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in high-fat diet-induced pancreatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet or standard normal chow for 20 weeks. Pancreatic fibrosis was determined by Sirius red staining. Immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to identify NF-κB-associated genes or protein expressions. RESULTS: Inflammation, fat deposition, pancreatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis were observed in the pancreases of the high-fat diet group. NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB/p65) expression was localized to the nucleus, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was over-expressed. Pancreatic gene expression levels of NF-κB/p65, ICAM-1 and tumor necrosis factor α were all elevated significantly in rats fed a high-fat diet compared with control rats. Western blotting also revealed significantly increased levels of ICAM-1 and nuclear NF-κB/p65 in rats fed high-fat diets comparison with control rats. CONCLUSIONS: NF-κB is involved in high-fat diet-related pancreatic fibrosis.

[Study on the method of nanometer-size zirconium dioxide enrichment separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of trace barium(II) in water].

Monoclinic fusiform zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method, a method was established based on monoclinic fusiform nanometer-sized ZrO2 enrichment separation, and trace barium in water was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The detection limit for Ba(II) was 0.007 ng x mL(-1), and the relative standard deviation was 0.13% (n = 11). The optimal enrichment separation conditions of nanometer-sized ZrO2 for Ba(II) were studied in detail, it was found that the percentage of adsorbed Ba(II) was more than 99% under pH 10.0 and 2 mL 0.5 mol x L(-1) HCl was sufficient for elution of Ba(II) by more than 98%. The static adsorption capacity of ZrO2 to Ba(II) was 196.6 microg x g(-1) and enrichment factor was 250. Properties of nanometer-sized ZrO2 were discussed through regeneration experiment and effects of co-existing ions and contrast experiment to ordinary ZrO2, adsorption properties of nanometer-sized ZrO2 were applied to real samples in the analysis of Ba(II) and the determination was carried out by ICP-MS with satisfactory results.

Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of biliary tract cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological evidences indicate that diabetic individuals may have an increased risk of several cancers; however, the relationships between diabetes and risk of cancers of biliary tract or its subsites remain unclear. METHODS: To provide a quantitative assessment of this relationship, we identified studies by a literature search of Medline (from 1 January 1966) and EMBASE (from 1 January 1974), through 31 July 2010, and by searching the reference lists of pertinent articles. Summary relative risks with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated with a random-effect model. RESULTS: Analysis of 21 studies (8 case-control and 13 cohort studies) found that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer, compared with no diabetes (summary RRs = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.18-1.72), with significant heterogeneity among studies (p = 0.001). The positive association was also found between diabetes and risk of gallbladder cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but not cancer of ampulla of Vater. No significant publication bias was found. CONCLUSION: These findings strongly support the link between diabetes and increased risk of cancer of biliary tract and its subsites: gallbladder cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but not cancer of ampulla of Vater.

Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on diethyldithiocarbamate-induced pancreatic fibrosis in rats.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea extracts, is known to have anti-fibrotic properties in many organs. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of EGCG on rat pancreatic fibrosis induced by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). Oral gavages of different dose of EGCG (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks) ameliorated histological changes and significantly suppressed collagen deposition in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, administration of EGCG inhibited overexpression of TGF-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (a symbol of activation of pancreatic stellate cells). Moreover, EGCG has a potent influence on expression of Smads (downstream transcription factor of TGF-beta1). EGCG suppressed the expression of Smad3 and enhanced the expression of Smad7. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EGCG attenuated rat pancreatic fibrosis induced by DDC and therefore may be an anti-fibrogenic candidate in the pancreatic fibrosis.

Long-term high-fat diet induces pancreatic injuries via pancreatic microcirculatory disturbances and oxidative stress in rats with hyperlipidemia.

Relations between hyperlipidemia and chronic pancreatitis remain unclear. Microcirculatory disturbances and oxidative stress are involved in pathogeneses of a high numbers of diseases. The objective of this study was to induce hyperlipidemia in rats by long-term high-fat diet intake, then investigate the biochemical, microcirculatory, and histological alterations in blood and pancreatic tissues of these animals, and discuss their potential significances. Pancreatic blood flow was detected by intravital microscope; malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in pancreatic tissues for assessment of oxidative stress and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. The results showed that the velocity of pancreatic microvascular blood flow of rats with hyperlipidemia decreased significantly as compared to control value (p = 0.008). Pancreatic MDA content increased whereas SOD activity decreased in these rats (p = 0.022; p = 0.039, respectively). Histologically, microvesicles in acinar and islet cells, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondrion and modified vascular endothelial cells were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. In addition, alpha-SMA expression was up-regulated significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggest that long-term high-fat diet can induce chronic pancreatic injuries which could be considered as "nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease", and pancreatic microcirculatory disturbances and oxidative stress may play an important part in the underlying pathogenesis.

Dynamic changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: The SAP model was induced by infusing the bilio-pancreatic duct of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats with 5% sterile sodium taurocholate solution. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, 0.5 h postoperative group, 1 h group, 3 h group, 6 h group, 12 h group and 24 h group. Western blot analysis was used to determine the activities of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the pancreas and lungs. RESULTS: In the rats of the control group, basal p38MAPK activity could be detected but not that of JNK. After SAP was induced, the p38MAPK activity in the pancreas increased markedly and peaked at 3 h, but in the lung it peaked at 6 h. The p38MAPK activity in the pancreas and lungs was significantly higher than the basal activity at the 24 h time point. The activity of INK was only increased at the 12 h point and was not detectable at 24 h. CONCLUSION: The MAPK signal transduction pathway, in particular p38MAPK, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAP.