Progression of bilateral morning glory syndrome associated with unilateral persistent fetal vasculture: A case report of long term follow-up in an infant.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of Bilateral Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) associated with Unilateral Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV) in a 3-day old neonate. OBSERVATIONS: A 3-day-old neonate was found bilateral retinal abnormalities due to neonatal eye screening. Dilated fundus exam showed bilateral optic disc dysplasia with the persistent hyaloid vessels in right eye at first. With the progress of the disease, optic disc was enlarged with central umbilication which with a similar anomalous radiating peripapillary vascular appearance, the persistent hyaloid vessels in vitreous cavity of right eye gradually disappear, a large amount of exudation can be seen in the posterior pole retina with macular movement in both eyes. Bilateral vitrectomy was performed in this case, then the condition of the neonate's both eyes is stable until 1 year old. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: This is a rare case that showing the development of MGS and PFV and the relationship between these two diseases. In addition, we completely observed the whole process of the change of the persistent hyaloid vessels in the vitreous cavity of a case of MGS associated with PFV.

Prevalence of myopia: A large-scale population-based study among children and adolescents in weifang, china.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents at the whole city level of Weifang, China. Methods: This study was a large scale school-based cross-sectional study among children and adolescents aged 5-20 years old. Participants were selected by the school-based registration system in 2020. All the subjects underwent spherical equivalent (SE) error with non-cycloplegic autorefraction measurement. Myopia was defined as an SE refraction of ≤-0.75 diopters (D) and graded into low myopia (-0.75 to -3.00 D), moderate myopia (-3.01 to -5.99 D), and high myopia (≤-6.00 D). Results: A total of 1,059,838 participants were eligible for this survey and 1,013,206 (95.6% participation rate) were selected through data quality control, which comprised 17 districts/counties and 1,254 schools, including 861 elementary schools, 313 middle schools, and 80 high schools. The mean age of participants was 11.57 ± 3.36 years (5-20 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.11. The whole city-level prevalence of total myopia was 75.35%. The prevalence of total myopia among the students in the Hanting District was 45.47%, but ≈82.37% of students living in Changyi have myopia. The overall prevalence of low myopia in elementary, middle, and high school students was 48.56, 47.30, and 31.62%, respectively, while high myopia (SE ≤ -6.00 D) prevalence was 1.12, 8.89, and 20.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of myopia increased fastest in children aged 7-9 years old. The prevalence of high myopia was 7.59% for girls and 6.43% for boys, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing age and grade, but SE decreased with increasing age and grade. Conclusions: The current investigation demonstrated a high proportion of myopia among school students in the city of Weifang, and gradually increased with age, and the prevalence of myopia was the highest in Changyi areas. The high myopia prevalence for girls was higher than that in boys.

Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Mediated Programmed Cell Death and Its Roles in Eye Diseases.

Ferroptosis, a newly identified, iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, is active in several diseases, such as heart disease, brain damage, and cancer. Its main characteristics commonly involve excess iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, and reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels. The effects of ferroptosis in eye diseases cannot be underestimated, with ferroptosis becoming a research target in ocular disorders and emerging evidence from a series of in vivo and in vitro researches into ferroptosis revealing its role in eye conditions. However, no report provides comprehensive information on the pathophysiology of ferroptosis in eye diseases and its possible treatments. In the current review, we present an up-to-date overview of ferroptosis biology and its involvement in the pathological processes of ocular diseases. Furthermore, we pose several outstanding questions and areas for future research in this topic. We deem ferroptosis-associated cell death a pivotal new field of scientific study in ocular diseases and consider it a new therapeutic target in the treatment of some eye disorders.

Expression of matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and aquaporin-1 in corneoscleral junction after angle-closure in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and aquaporin-1 in corneoscleral junction and explore the mechanism of trabecular damageafter angle-closure. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into 2 groups, theexperimental group (Group 1) including twenty five rabbits and the control group (Group 2) including 5 rabbits. The rabbits in the experimental group were used to establish angle-closure models, and the rabbits in the control group were not subjected to any operation. All the rabbits were followed by slit lamp microscopy, Tonopen tonometer, and anterior segment optical coherent tomography (AS-OCT). The expressions of metalloproteinase MMP-2, aquaporin-1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 in corneoscleral junctionwere evaluatedin both groups byimmunofluorescence, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination showed that angle-closure model was successfully established in twenty rabbits. The extent of angle-closure was about 2 to 4 clock hours in all the rabbit models, but the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the rabbits distributed from 8.57 to 15.25 mmHg and no significant high IOP was found in the follow-up period. The AQP-1-positive cells mainly located in Schlemm's canal, the inner surface of trabecular meshwork (TM), and the surface of iris, which began to decline on 1 month after angle-closure. MMP2 staining was diffuse in trabecular meshwork and iris. Immunofluorescence signal of MMP2 was strong within 1 month after angle-closure, and subsequently became weak. qRT-PCR and ELISA showed that the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 increased within 1 month after angle-closure and then declined gradually. The AQP-1 levels showed slightly declined on 1 month after angle-closure. CONCLUSIONS: Altered levels of MMPs, TIMPs, and AQP-1 were found in the area of angle-closure, which may be involved in the damage of TM and Schlemm's canal after angle-closure.